Fundamentals & Engineering
Direct-to-Chip Liquid Cooling: The Future of High-Density Data Center Thermal Management
Data center power densities have surged to 12-30 kW per rack, making liquid cooling essential. Learn how single-phase and two-phase direct-to-chip systems work, refrigerant selection criteria, and critical design considerations for hoses, tubing, and couplings in modern high-density data centers.
Ductwork Air Flow Balancing
Balancing air systems (ductwork) may be accomplished in various ways. The most common method to accomplish ductwork balancing is Proportional Method. Each diffuser is adjusted to supply the right percentage of total air volume in the ductwork.
Valve Characteristics
Why do we need to be aware of the valve characteristics? Every component in a hydronic system has some level of influence on the control and performance of a hydronic system. Valves are key because they are the controlling devices at the critical areas of heat transfer.
Major Hvac Systems and Equipment
A comprehensive list of all the major HVAC system types and related equipment
Copeland Refrigeration Manuals Download
This is a five series of publications comprising the Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Refrigeration Manual. Although each separate part covers a specific area of refrigeration theory and practice, each successive publication presumes a basic understanding of the material presented in the previous sections.
Ice Storage Systems
Thermal energy storage (TES) involves adding heat (thermal) energy to a storage medium, and then removing it from that medium for use at some other time. This may involve storing thermal energy at high temperatures (heat storage) or at low temperatures (cool storage).
Refrigerant Piping Requirements
This guide focuses on systems that use Refrigerant-22 (R-22). While the general requirements are the same for systems that use other refrigerants, velocities and pressure drops will differ.
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Method
The life-cycle cost analysis method is the most commonly accepted method to assess the economic benefits of energy conservation projects over their lifetime. Typically, the method is used to evaluate at least two alternatives of a given project (for instance, evaluate two alternatives for the installation of a new HVAC system: a VAV system or a heat pump system to condition the building). Only one alternative will be selected for implementation based on the economic analysis.
Standards & Compliance
HVAC Ventilation Design: Lift/Elevator Pressurization
Complete guide to HVAC lift/elevator pressurization design using BS 5588-4 standards covering pressure control, airflow calculations, and elevator system integration for effective emergency vertical transportation protection.
HVAC Ventilation Design: Staircase Pressurization + Relief Vent Sizing
Complete guide to HVAC staircase pressurization and relief vent sizing design using ASHRAE and BS standards covering pressure control, airflow calculations, and relief system integration for effective emergency egress protection.
HVAC Ventilation Design: Corridor/Lift Lobby/Atrium Make-Up/Pressurization
Complete guide to HVAC corridor, lift lobby, and atrium make-up air and pressurization design using CIBSE and ASHRAE standards covering pressure control, airflow calculations, and fire safety integration for effective emergency protection.
HVAC Ventilation Design: Atrium Smoke Extract
Complete guide to HVAC atrium smoke extraction design using CIBSE and ASHRAE standards covering smoke layer management, extraction calculations, and advanced fire safety integration for large-volume space protection.
HVAC Ventilation Design: Corridor/Lift Lobby Smoke Extract
Complete guide to HVAC corridor and lift lobby smoke extraction design using CIBSE fire engineering standards covering smoke removal, pressure management, and life safety system integration for effective emergency ventilation.
HVAC Ventilation Design: Car Parking CO System
Complete guide to HVAC car parking CO detection systems using NFPA 720 standards covering carbon monoxide monitoring, alarm systems, ventilation integration, and safety protocols for parking facility protection.
HVAC Ventilation Design: Car Parking Make-Up Ventilation Rate By Velocity
Complete guide to HVAC car parking make-up ventilation design using ASHRAE velocity-based methods covering air movement calculations, system integration, and performance optimization for effective parking facility ventilation.
HVAC Ventilation Design: Car Parking Extract Ventilation Rate
Complete guide to HVAC car parking extract ventilation design using CIBSE and BS standards covering CO control, air change rates, and specialized applications for safe and efficient parking facility ventilation systems.
HVAC Ventilation Design: Commercial Kitchen Ventilation Rates (Hood/Canopy, Ceiling Extract/Makeup)
Complete guide to HVAC commercial kitchen ventilation design using ASHRAE, CIBSE, and VA standards covering hood exhaust rates, makeup air requirements, and specialized applications for effective contaminant control and energy efficiency.
HVAC Ventilation Design: Tobacco/Smoking Area Ventilation Rates
Complete guide to HVAC smoking area ventilation design using CIBSE standards covering high-performance ventilation rates, specialized system requirements, and health protection strategies for tobacco use areas.
Digital Tools & Resources
HVAC-R Load Calculator: Your Essential Tool for Accurate System Sizing
Our new web-based calculator combines sophisticated engineering principles with an intuitive interface, making accurate load calculations accessible to everyone from students to seasoned professionals. Unlike basic square-footage estimators, our tool considers the multitude of factors that influence heating and cooling requirements.
Interactive Psychrometric Chart
The aim of this web app is to create an interactive psychrometric chart on which you can project a range of comfort metrics as well as mapping weather data or room air conditions calculated using EnergyPlus. You can add or remove lines for a range of different metrics or highlight them individually to assist with dynamic explanations or presentations.
HVAC-R Financing Made Simple: Introducing Our Smart Equipment Calculator
we’ve developed a comprehensive HVAC-R Equipment Financing Calculator that goes beyond basic loan calculations to include industry-specific considerations like energy savings, equipment efficiency, and available tax incentives
Download Weather Design Conditions (ASHRAE)
Discover ASHRAE Handbook weather stations with our comprehensive search tool. Optimize HVAC and equipment design, sizing, distribution, and installation for residential, commercial, and industrial applications. Enhance your energy-related projects across various sectors, including agriculture, by leveraging accurate climatic data.