The Net Refrigeration Effect (NRE) can be used to optimize HVAC system performance and energy efficiency by identifying opportunities to improve system design, operation, and maintenance. By analyzing the NRE, designers and operators can determine the most effective ways to reduce energy consumption, such as optimizing compressor sizing, improving airflow, and minimizing internal heat gains. This data-driven approach enables the implementation of targeted efficiency measures, leading to reduced energy costs and environmental impact.