How do CAV systems compare to VAV systems in terms of energy efficiency?

CAV systems are generally less energy-efficient than VAV systems, particularly in applications with variable cooling or heating loads. This is because CAV systems require reheat energy to condition the air to the desired temperature in each zone, whereas VAV systems can directly control airflow to each zone, reducing the need for reheat energy. However, CAV systems can still be energy-efficient in certain applications, such as in buildings with relatively constant cooling or heating loads.