How do electric defrost systems work in HVAC applications?

Electric defrost systems use electrical resistance heating elements, such as heating coils or mats, to melt frost and ice on evaporator coils. These elements are typically installed on or near the coils and are energized during the defrost cycle. The heating elements warm the coils, melting the frost and ice, and allowing the system to return to normal operation. Electric defrost systems are commonly used in air-source heat pumps and rooftop units.