To determine the optimal sprinkler spacing and pattern, consider factors such as plant type, soil type, and water pressure. A general rule of thumb is to space sprinklers 10-15 feet apart, but this can vary depending on the specific sprinkler model and nozzle type. Use a sprinkler spacing calculator or consult with a professional to ensure proper coverage and minimize overlap or gaps. Additionally, adjust the sprinkler pattern to accommodate obstacles, slopes, and wind direction.