How do I identify a faulty capacitor in an HVAC system?

To identify a faulty capacitor, look for signs of physical damage, such as swelling, cracking, or burn marks. Check the capacitor’s voltage rating and ensure it matches the system’s requirements. Measure the capacitor’s capacitance using a multimeter and compare it to the manufacturer’s specifications. A faulty capacitor may also cause the motor to hum or vibrate excessively, or result in reduced airflow or compressor performance.