How do Pressure Independent Control Valves (PICV) maintain a constant flow to the coil?

PICVs maintain a constant flow to the coil through the use of a pressure control cartridge, which regulates the flow of hot or chilled water to the coil. This cartridge senses changes in system pressure and adjusts the valve opening to maintain a constant flow rate, regardless of changes in pressure. This ensures that the coil receives the optimal amount of fluid, even as system conditions change.