Refrigerant leaks can significantly impact HVAC system performance and efficiency by reducing the system’s ability to transfer heat effectively. As refrigerant is lost, the system may struggle to maintain desired temperatures, leading to decreased cooling or heating capacity. This can result in increased energy consumption, as the system works harder to compensate for the lost refrigerant. Additionally, low refrigerant levels can cause components to work outside of their design specifications, leading to premature wear and potential damage.