How do solar geometric angles impact the performance of solar panels?

Solar geometric angles have a significant impact on the performance of solar panels. The tilt angle (β) and surface azimuth angle (ψ) affect the amount of incident solar radiation that reaches the panel, while the incident angle (θ) affects the angle at which the radiation strikes the panel. Optimizing these angles can improve the energy output of solar panels, while incorrect angles can lead to reduced performance and energy losses.