How does chemical treatment differ between closed-loop and open-loop piping systems?

Chemical treatment requirements vary significantly between closed-loop and open-loop piping systems. Closed-loop systems require less extensive chemical treatment, primarily focusing on controlling corrosion, scale, slime, and algae within the piping. In contrast, open-loop systems need more rigorous treatment to address the variability of the external water source, including pH adjustment, disinfection, and removal of suspended solids. The chemical treatment regimen for open-loop systems must also consider the potential environmental impacts of the discharged water.