How does the tilt of solar panels affect their energy output, and what is the optimal tilt angle?

The tilt of solar panels affects their energy output by influencing the angle of incidence between the sun’s rays and the panel surface. A tilt angle that matches the latitude of the installation location is generally considered optimal, as it allows the panels to receive the most direct sunlight throughout the year. For example, a location at 30° latitude would have an optimal tilt angle of around 30°. However, the optimal tilt angle may vary depending on the specific installation and local climate conditions.