How does the time of day and year affect solar radiation?

The time of day and year significantly impact the amount of solar radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface. During peak sun hours (usually between 9 am and 3 pm), the sun is highest in the sky, resulting in maximum energy input. As the day progresses, the sun’s angle decreases, reducing energy input. Similarly, the time of year affects solar radiation, with the Northern Hemisphere receiving more radiation during summer months and less during winter months. Understanding the diurnal and seasonal variations in solar radiation is critical for optimizing solar energy system design and predicting energy output.