What are some examples of alternative space-conditioning technologies that can compete with vapor-compression systems?

Some examples of alternative space-conditioning technologies include absorption chillers, desiccant cooling systems, evaporative cooling systems, and heat pump systems that use alternative refrigerants or no refrigerants at all. These technologies can offer improved energy efficiency, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and enhanced safety. However, their development status, energy savings potential, and other factors will affect their ability to compete with vapor-compression systems.