Strategies for reducing energy consumption in HVAC design include using high-efficiency equipment, optimizing system controls and setpoints, and incorporating energy-recovery systems. Engineers can also consider using alternative energy sources, such as geothermal or solar energy, and designing systems that can adapt to changing building occupancy patterns. Additionally, engineers should consider using building management systems (BMS) to monitor and optimize system performance in real-time, identifying opportunities for energy savings and improved system efficiency.