Refrigerant price fluctuations can significantly impact the total cost of ownership (TCO) of HVAC systems. When designing HVAC systems, it is essential to consider the potential risks associated with refrigerant price volatility. This may involve selecting refrigerants with more stable pricing, optimizing system design to minimize refrigerant usage, and considering alternative technologies that are less dependent on refrigerants. By taking a proactive approach, HVAC professionals and system owners can mitigate the financial risks associated with refrigerant price fluctuations.