When preparing practical cooling and heating load estimates, engineers should consider factors such as building orientation, insulation, window size and type, occupancy schedules, and internal heat gains from lighting and equipment. The Load Estimating chapter of the Carrier System Design Manual provides data and examples to guide engineers in accurately determining cooling and heating loads. Additionally, engineers should consider using industry-standard calculation methods, such as the Heat Balance Method or the Radiative Cooling Load Method, to ensure accurate load estimates.