CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs differ in their environmental impact due to their distinct chemical compositions and properties. CFCs have high ozone depletion potential (ODP) and significant global warming potential (GWP), making them the most harmful to the environment. HCFCs have lower ODP than CFCs but still contribute to ozone depletion and have moderate GWP. HFCs, on the other hand, have zero ODP but high GWP, making them a significant contributor to climate change. Understanding these differences is crucial for selecting refrigerants with lower environmental impact.