What are the key differences between closed-loop and open-loop piping systems?

The primary difference between closed-loop and open-loop piping systems lies in their interaction with the environment. Closed-loop systems are self-contained, with water circulating within a closed piping system or loop, whereas open-loop systems draw water from an external source, such as a river or lake, and discharge it back into the environment after use. This fundamental difference affects the chemical treatment requirements, corrosion control, and overall system design. Closed-loop systems require less extensive chemical treatment, whereas open-loop systems need more rigorous treatment to address the variability of the external water source.