What happens if an HVAC system is undercharged or overcharged with refrigerant?

If an HVAC system is undercharged, it can lead to reduced heat transfer, increased energy consumption, and decreased system performance. On the other hand, overcharging can cause increased system pressure, reduced compressor life, and increased energy consumption. In both cases, the system’s energy efficiency is compromised, leading to higher energy bills and potential equipment failures. It is essential to maintain the optimal refrigerant charge to ensure efficient system operation.