Direct solar radiation refers to the sun’s rays that travel directly to the Earth’s surface without being scattered or absorbed by the atmosphere. This type of radiation is intense and concentrated, making it ideal for solar energy systems like solar panels. Diffuse solar radiation, on the other hand, is the scattered radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface after being deflected by the atmosphere. This type of radiation is less intense and more dispersed, but still contributes to the overall solar energy available. Understanding the distinction between direct and diffuse radiation is critical for optimizing solar energy system design and performance.