Passivation is a critical process in corrosion prevention, as it involves the formation of a thin, protective oxide layer on the metal surface. This layer, known as a passive film, hinders further corrosion by preventing the metal from reacting with its environment. Passivation can occur naturally, such as in the case of stainless steel, or can be induced through surface treatment, such as electropolishing or passivation treatments. The passive film can be broken down by certain environmental factors, such as chloride ions or acidity, leading to localized corrosion.