Grundlagen & Ingenieurwesen
Berechnung des HVAC-Luftvolumens
Das Luftvolumen für ein HLK -System wird aus der sensiblen Wärme im konditionierten Raum berechnet. Für die typische Heizungs- und Kühleinheit dient die Berechnung zum Abkühlen, da mehr Luft benötigt wird, um einen Raum zu kühlen, als ihn zu erhitzen. Wenn der konditionierte Raum mit einer bestimmten Menge CFM ordnungsgemäß abgekühlt werden kann, kann der Raum mit der gleichen Menge CFM korrekt erhitzt werden.
Wärmespeicher (HLK)
Thermal energy may be stored in three main ways: – Sensible Storage – Latent Storage – Thermo-Chemical Storage. In addition, the two common thermal storage strategies employed are: – Load Levelling Strategy – Load Shifting Strategy
Dimensionierung hydropneumatischer Tanks
Hydropneumatic tanks are primarily used in a domestic water system for draw down purposes when the pressure booster system is off on no-flow shutdown (NFSD). The NFSD circuitry turns the lead pump off when there is no demand on the system. While the system is off in this condition, the hydropneumatic tank will satisfy small demands on the system. Without the tank, the booster would restart upon the slightest call for flow such as a single toilet being flushed or even a minute leak in the piping system. Hydropneumatic tank sizing is dependent on two factors: – Length of time you wish the pumps to remain off in a no-flow situation. – The tank location in relation to the pressure booster.
Pump Sizing Core Concepts
Pump sizing involves matching the flow and pressure rating of a pump with the flowrate and pressure required for the process. The mass flowrate of the system is established on the process flow diagram by the mass balance. Achieving this mass flowrate requires a pump that can generate a pressure high enough to overcome the hydraulic resistance of the system of pipes, valves, and so on that the liquid must travel through. This hydraulic resistance is known as the system head.
Hvac Equations (U.S./Metric)
The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equations. In both U.S. and Metric units.
Expansion Tanks
How does Boyle’s law relate to sizing expansion tanks in domestic hot water systems? what size expansion tank is required?
Expansion Tank Sizing Formulas
Expansion tanks are a necessary part of all closed hydronic systems to control both minimum and maximum pressure throughout the system. A comprehensive review of tank types and sizing procedure for expansion tanks.
Primary Secondary Pumping
– What is Primary-Secondary Pumping? – PRIMARY-SECONDARY BASICS. – PRIMARY-SECONDARY RULES, DEFINITIONS. WHEN TWO PIPING CIRCUITS ARE INTER-CONNECTED, FLOW IN ONE WILL CAUSE FLOW IN THE OTHER, T0 A DEGREE DEPENDING UPON THE PRESSURE DROP IN THE PIPING COMMON T0 BOTH.
4-Pipe- und 2-Pipe-Heiz- und Kühlanlagen
Eine 4-Pipe-Heiz- und Kühlanlage enthält sowohl Zentralheiz- als auch Kühlgeräte und kann gleichzeitig durch vier Rohre Heizwasser und gekühltes Wasser an das Gebäude liefern (eine Heizwasserversorgung, eine Heizwasserrückgabe, eine gekühlte Wasserversorgung und eine gekühlte Wasserrendite). Heiz- und Kühlgeräte innerhalb des Gebäudes, das an ein 4-Pipe-System angeschlossen ist, verfügt über vier Rohrverbindungen, es sei denn, das Gerät liefert nur Heizung oder Kühlung. In diesem Fall hätte die Ausrüstung nur zwei Rohrverbindungen.
Constant Air Volume (CAV) Systems
HVAC air systems can be either centralized or decentralized. Centralized air systems receive their cooling and heating energy from a remote central plant. Decentralized HVAC air systems contain the central heating and cooling plant equipment within the air system itself. HVAC air systems can also be constant air volume (CAV) or variable air volume (VAV). CAV systems deliver constant supply airflow at a variable temperature. VAV systems deliver variable supply airflow at a constant temperature. CAV and VAV air systems can be further subdivided into systems that condition a single temperature zone and systems that condition multiple temperature zones.
Standards & Compliance
HVAC-Kanaldesign: Reibungsverlust von Kanalanschlüssen
Complete guide to HVAC duct fittings friction loss using Carrier standards covering loss coefficients, pressure drop calculations, and system optimization for efficient air distribution design.
HLK -Kanaldesign: Dämpfer, Dämpfer und Spulen -Reibungsverlust
Complete guide to HVAC dampers, attenuators, and coils friction loss using SMACNA standards covering pressure drop calculations, component selection, and system optimization for efficient air distribution design.
HLK -Kanaldesign: Kanalrunde bis rechteckig Äquivalent
Complete guide to HVAC round-to-rectangular duct equivalency using ASHRAE standards covering conversion formulas, performance considerations, and system optimization for space-constrained installations.
HLK -Kanal Design: Verlust von Kanalliktion
Complete guide to HVAC duct friction loss calculations using ASHRAE standards covering friction charts, pressure drop analysis, and system optimization for efficient air distribution design.
HLK -Kanalkonstruktion: Klassifizierung der Kanaldruckdruck
Complete guide to HVAC duct pressure classification using SMACNA standards covering pressure class selection, construction requirements, and testing protocols for safe and efficient ductwork systems.
HLK -Kanal Design: Kommerzielle Küchenkanalgröße
Complete guide to commercial kitchen duct sizing using ASHRAE and NFPA standards covering exhaust hood design, grease management, fire safety, and make-up air systems for food service operations.
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Sizing by Velocity & Noise Criteria (NC)
Complete guide to HVAC duct sizing using velocity and noise criteria with ASHRAE and CIBSE standards covering acoustic design, velocity limits, and noise control for sensitive applications.
HVAC-Kanaldesign: Kanaldimensionierung nach der Methode gleicher Reibung
Complete guide to HVAC duct sizing using the equal friction method with SMACNA and ASHRAE standards covering calculation procedures, friction rate selection, and system optimization for effective air distribution design.
HVAC-Kanaldesign: SMACNA-Empfehlungen zur Kanalgröße
Complete guide to HVAC duct sizing using SMACNA recommendations covering equal friction, velocity, and static regain methods with design calculations and system optimization for effective air distribution.
Digitale Tools und Ressourcen
Psychrometric Programming Functions
ibrary of psychrometric functions to calculate thermodynamic properties of air for Python, C, C#, Fortran, JavaScript and VBA/Excel
Carrier Hap-Software
Carrier’s Hourly Analysis Program is two powerful tools in one package – versatile features for designing HVAC systems for commercial buildings AND powerful energy analysis capabilities for comparing energy consumption and operating costs of design alternatives.
Trace 700-Software
Mit TRACE 700 können Gebäudeplaner die Gebäude-, System- und Gerätekonstruktionen auf der Grundlage der Energienutzung und der Lebenszykluskosten optimieren. Die Trane-Software für TRACE 700 erleichtert die Analyse der energetischen und wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen praktisch jeder Kühlanlagenkonfiguration, indem sie es Benutzern ermöglicht, eine Vielzahl von Variablen zu manipulieren und ein Profil ihres spezifischen Gebäudes zu erstellen.
Download Evap-Cond 5.0: Das ultimative Wärmetauscher-Simulationsinstrument für HLK-Ingenieure
Egal, ob Sie einen neuen Wärmetauscher entwerfen, ein vorhandenes System optimieren oder alternative Kältemittel erforschen, Evap-Cond bietet die detaillierten Analysefunktionen, die für fundierte Entscheidungen erforderlich sind. Ich ermutige alle HLK -Ingenieure und Forscher, dieses leistungsstarke Simulationstool zu untersuchen und aus erster Hand zu erleben, wie es Ihren Ansatz zum Design des Wärmetauschers verändern kann.
Wärmeübertragungslehrbuch herunterladen
The book is meant for juniors, seniors, and first-year graduate students. And to those who choose to learn the subject on their own, and to practicing engineers who use it as a reference. Whether one studies alone or with a class, learning means posing, then answering, one’s own questions.