Cálculo del volumen de aire Hvac

El volumen de aire de un sistema HVAC se calcula a partir del calor sensible en el espacio acondicionado. Para la unidad típica de calefacción y refrigeración, el cálculo es para refrigeración porque se necesita más aire para enfriar un espacio que para calentarlo. Si el espacio acondicionado se puede enfriar adecuadamente con una cantidad determinada de cfm, entonces el espacio se puede calentar correctamente con la misma cantidad de cfm.

Unidad de tratamiento de aire

La carga de enfriamiento sensible en un espacio acondicionado es el calor que se debe eliminar del espacio para mantener la temperatura ambiente deseada (75 °F, por ejemplo). La carga de refrigeración se calcula a partir del calor sensible de las personas (aproximadamente, 225 Btuh), luces, computadoras y otros equipos, y la transferencia de calor a través de la envolvente del edificio en el día y la época históricamente más cálidos del año (por ejemplo, 90 °F , 3 pm, 7 de julio).

Ejemplo: La carga de refrigeración sensata para un espacio acondicionado (Edificio A) es 113.400 Btuhs. Encuentre los cfm de ventilador requeridos. Las ecuaciones de transferencia de calor son:

Btuhs = cfm × 1.08 × TD
cfm = Btuhs ÷ (1.08 × TD)
TD = Btuhs ÷ (1.08 × cfm)

  • Btuhs = Btu por hora de calor sensible,
  • cfm = volumen de flujo de aire
  • 1,08 = constante, 60 min/h × 0,075 lb/cf × 0,24 Btu/lb F
  • TD = la diferencia entre la temperatura del aire de suministro (SAT) de bulbo seco y la temperatura del aire ambiente (RAT) de bulbo seco.

Para encontrar los cfm requeridos, use cfm = Btuhs ÷ (1,08 × TD)

cfm = Btuhs ÷ (1.08 × TD)
cfm = 113,400÷ (1.08 × 20 °F) (SAT es 55 °F y RAT es 75 °F)
pies cúbicos por minuto = 5250

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What is the primary factor in determining the air volume for an HVAC system?
The primary factor in determining the air volume for an HVAC system is the sensible heat in the conditioned space. This is because the air volume calculation is typically based on the cooling load, which requires more air to cool a space than to heat it.
Why is the air volume calculation based on cooling load rather than heating load?

The air volume calculation is based on cooling load because more air is needed to cool a space than to heat it. This is because cooling requires the removal of heat from the space, which requires a higher air flow rate than heating, which involves adding heat to the space.

How does the sensible cooling load affect the air volume calculation?

The sensible cooling load directly affects the air volume calculation, as it determines the amount of heat that needs to be removed from the conditioned space. A higher sensible cooling load requires a higher air volume to cool the space effectively.

What is the relationship between air volume and CFM (cubic feet per minute) in HVAC systems?

In HVAC systems, air volume is typically measured in CFM (cubic feet per minute). The air volume calculation determines the required CFM to cool or heat a space effectively. A higher air volume requires a higher CFM, and vice versa.

Can the same air volume be used for both heating and cooling modes?

Yes, if the conditioned space can be properly cooled with a given amount of CFM, then the space can be heated correctly with the same amount of CFM. This is because the air volume calculation is based on the cooling load, which is typically higher than the heating load.

How does the size of the air handling unit affect the air volume calculation?

The size of the air handling unit (AHU) affects the air volume calculation, as it determines the maximum amount of air that can be circulated through the system. A larger AHU can handle a higher air volume, while a smaller AHU may require a lower air volume to operate efficiently.

What are some common mistakes to avoid when calculating air volume for an HVAC system?

Common mistakes to avoid when calculating air volume for an HVAC system include neglecting to consider the sensible cooling load, using incorrect CFM values, and failing to account for factors such as duct losses and fan efficiency. These mistakes can lead to inadequate cooling or heating, reduced system efficiency, and increased energy costs.