Cálculo do Volume de Ar Hvac

O volume de ar para um sistema HVAC é calculado a partir do calor sensível no espaço condicionado. Para a unidade típica de aquecimento e resfriamento, o cálculo é para resfriamento porque é necessário mais ar para resfriar um espaço do que para aquecê-lo. Se o espaço condicionado puder ser resfriado adequadamente com uma determinada quantidade de cfm, então o espaço poderá ser aquecido corretamente com a mesma quantidade de cfm.

Unidade de Tratamento de ar

A carga de resfriamento sensível em um espaço condicionado é o calor que precisa ser removido do espaço para manter a temperatura ambiente desejada (75 °F, por exemplo). A carga de resfriamento é calculada a partir do calor sensível das pessoas (aproximadamente 225 Btuh), luzes, computadores e outros equipamentos, e a transferência de calor através da envolvente do edifício no dia e época historicamente mais quentes do ano (por exemplo, 90 °F , 15h, 7 de julho).

Exemplo: A carga de resfriamento sensível para espaço condicionado (Edifício A) é de 113.400 Btuhs. Encontre o ventilador necessário cfm. As equações de transferência de calor são:

Btuhs = cfm × 1.08 × TD
cfm = Btuhs ÷ (1.08 × TD)
TD = Btuhs ÷ (1.08 × cfm)

  • Btuhs = Btu por hora de calor sensível,
  • cfm = volume do fluxo de ar
  • 1,08 = constante, 60 min/h × 0,075 lb/cf × 0,24 Btu/lb F
  • TD = diferença entre o bulbo seco da temperatura do ar fornecido (SAT) e o bulbo seco da temperatura do ar ambiente (RAT).

Para encontrar o cfm necessário, use cfm = Btuhs ÷ (1,08 × TD)

cfm = Btuhs ÷ (1.08 × TD)
cfm = 113.400÷ (1,08 × 20 °F) (SAT é 55 °F e RAT é 75 °F)
cfm = 5250

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What is the primary factor in determining the air volume for an HVAC system?
The primary factor in determining the air volume for an HVAC system is the sensible heat in the conditioned space. This is because the air volume calculation is typically based on the cooling load, which requires more air to cool a space than to heat it.
Why is the air volume calculation based on cooling load rather than heating load?

The air volume calculation is based on cooling load because more air is needed to cool a space than to heat it. This is because cooling requires the removal of heat from the space, which requires a higher air flow rate than heating, which involves adding heat to the space.

How does the sensible cooling load affect the air volume calculation?

The sensible cooling load directly affects the air volume calculation, as it determines the amount of heat that needs to be removed from the conditioned space. A higher sensible cooling load requires a higher air volume to cool the space effectively.

What is the relationship between air volume and CFM (cubic feet per minute) in HVAC systems?

In HVAC systems, air volume is typically measured in CFM (cubic feet per minute). The air volume calculation determines the required CFM to cool or heat a space effectively. A higher air volume requires a higher CFM, and vice versa.

Can the same air volume be used for both heating and cooling modes?

Yes, if the conditioned space can be properly cooled with a given amount of CFM, then the space can be heated correctly with the same amount of CFM. This is because the air volume calculation is based on the cooling load, which is typically higher than the heating load.

How does the size of the air handling unit affect the air volume calculation?

The size of the air handling unit (AHU) affects the air volume calculation, as it determines the maximum amount of air that can be circulated through the system. A larger AHU can handle a higher air volume, while a smaller AHU may require a lower air volume to operate efficiently.

What are some common mistakes to avoid when calculating air volume for an HVAC system?

Common mistakes to avoid when calculating air volume for an HVAC system include neglecting to consider the sensible cooling load, using incorrect CFM values, and failing to account for factors such as duct losses and fan efficiency. These mistakes can lead to inadequate cooling or heating, reduced system efficiency, and increased energy costs.