اصول و مهندسی
Pump Construction (Part1)
In 1689 the physicist Denis Papin invented the centrifugal pump and today this kind of pump is the most used around the world. The centrifugal pump is built on a simple principle: Liquid is led to the impeller hub and by means of the centrifugal force it is flung towards the periphery of the impellers. The construction is fairly inexpensive, robust and simple and its high speed makes it possible to connect the pump directly to an asynchronous motor.
Expansion Valves Selection
The expansion valve regulates the amount of compressed liquid refrigerant moving into the evaporator. It removes pressure from the liquid refrigerant to allow expansion or change of state from a liquid to a gas in the evaporator. In order to properly select Expansion Valves one should pay attention to the items that we mention in this post.
Water Hammer (Part1)
Under unfavorable circumstances, damage due to water hammer may occur in pipelines measuring more than one hundred meters and conveying only several tenths of a liter per second. But even very short, unsupported pipelines in pumping stations can be damaged by resonant vibrations if they are not properly anchored. By contrast, the phenomenon is not very common in building services systems, e.g. in heating and drinking water supply pipelines, which typically are short in length and have a small cross-section.
Water Tube Versus Fire Tube Boilers
Water tube boilers and fire tube boilers are two different types of steam boilers that are commonly used in industrial and commercial applications. Both types of boilers use a system of tubes to generate steam, but they differ in the way that the tubes are arranged and the way that the hot gases from the burner pass through the tubes.
Refrigeration Formulas and Calculations
These formulas are commonly used in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning to calculate various performance parameters of a refrigeration system such as compression work, compression power, coefficient of performance, net refrigeration effect, capacity, compressor displacement, heat of compression, volumetric efficiency, and compression ratio. These formulas are based on the thermodynamics principles and are generally used to evaluate the performance of the refrigeration system and to optimize its design.
The coefficient of velocity (Cv)
Cv, or coefficient of velocity, is a measure of the flow capacity of a valve. It represents the number of gallons per minute (GPM) of water at 60°F that will flow through a valve with a one-inch opening at a pressure drop of one pound per square inch (PSI). Cv can be calculated using various formulas, such as the one based on water at 60F and one that takes into account the specific gravity of the fluid. Cv is a theoretical value and it may vary depending on the actual conditions of the valve. When selecting a valve for a specific application, it is important to consider the Cv in relation to the flow rate and pressure drop requirements of the system, as well as other factors such as ease of maintenance, cost, and safety.
Pipe Insulation Guideline
Pipe insulation is crucial for maintaining energy efficiency, temperature control, condensation control, noise reduction, and safety. ASHRAE provides specific thickness recommendations for different pipe sizes and temperature ranges in its standard 90.1. When selecting pipe insulation based on ASHRAE standards, it’s important to consider the temperature, pipe size, environmental considerations, fire resistance, and energy efficiency.
Refrigerant Piping – part2
In this post, we will be continuing our comprehensive training on how to size refrigerant piping. We will cover all the important aspects of this process, including determining the pipe size, pressure drop, and other factors. We will also discuss topics such as sizing refrigerant lines, equivalent length for refrigerant lines, and how to determine equivalent length. With this training, you will have the knowledge and confidence to size refrigerant piping accurately and correctly in any situation.
استانداردها و انطباق
طراحی کانال HVAC: اتصالات کانال از دست دادن اصطکاک
راهنمای کامل تلفات اصطکاک اتصالات کانال HVAC با استفاده از استانداردهای Carrier که ضرایب تلفات، محاسبات افت فشار و بهینهسازی سیستم برای طراحی توزیع کارآمد هوا را پوشش میدهد.
طراحی کانال تهویه مطبوع: دمپرها، تضعیفکنندهها و اتلاف اصطکاک سیمپیچها
راهنمای کامل دمپرهای تهویه مطبوع، تضعیفکنندهها و تلفات اصطکاک سیمپیچها با استفاده از استانداردهای SMACNA که محاسبات افت فشار، انتخاب قطعات و بهینهسازی سیستم را برای طراحی توزیع کارآمد هوا پوشش میدهد.
طراحی کانال HVAC: داکت گرد تا مستطیل شکل
راهنمای کامل معادلسازی کانالهای گرد به مستطیل HVAC با استفاده از استانداردهای ASHRAE که فرمولهای تبدیل، ملاحظات عملکرد و بهینهسازی سیستم را برای تاسیسات با محدودیت فضا پوشش میدهد.
طراحی کانال HVAC: کاهش اصطکاک کانال
راهنمای کامل محاسبات تلفات اصطکاک کانال HVAC با استفاده از استانداردهای ASHRAE که نمودارهای اصطکاک، تجزیه و تحلیل افت فشار و بهینهسازی سیستم را برای طراحی توزیع کارآمد هوا پوشش میدهد.
طراحی کانال HVAC: طبقه بندی فشار کانال
راهنمای کامل طبقهبندی فشار کانال HVAC با استفاده از استانداردهای SMACNA که انتخاب کلاس فشار، الزامات ساخت و ساز و پروتکلهای آزمایش برای سیستمهای کانالی ایمن و کارآمد را پوشش میدهد.
طراحی کانال HVAC: اندازه کانال تجاری آشپزخانه
راهنمای کامل اندازهگیری مجرای آشپزخانه تجاری با استفاده از استانداردهای ASHRAE و NFPA که طراحی هود اگزوز، مدیریت گریس، ایمنی آتشسوزی و سیستمهای هوای آرایشی برای عملیات خدمات غذایی را پوشش میدهد.
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Sizing by Velocity & Noise Criteria (NC)
راهنمای کامل اندازهگیری کانال HVAC با استفاده از معیارهای سرعت و نویز با استانداردهای ASHRAE و CIBSE که طراحی آکوستیک، محدودیتهای سرعت و کنترل نویز را برای کاربردهای حساس پوشش میدهد.
طراحی کانال HVAC: اندازه کانال با روش اصطکاک برابر
راهنمای کامل اندازهگیری کانال HVAC با استفاده از روش اصطکاک برابر با استانداردهای SMACNA و ASHRAE که رویههای محاسباتی، انتخاب نرخ اصطکاک و بهینهسازی سیستم را برای طراحی توزیع موثر هوا پوشش میدهد.
طراحی کانال HVAC: اندازه کانال توصیه های SMACNA
راهنمای کامل اندازهگیری کانال HVAC با استفاده از توصیههای SMACNA که روشهای برابر اصطکاک، سرعت و بازیابی استاتیکی را با محاسبات طراحی و بهینهسازی سیستم برای توزیع موثر هوا پوشش میدهد.
ابزارها و منابع دیجیتال
Trane Air Conditioning Clinic Books
These clinics are comprehensive and detailed courses used to educate on the fundamentals heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC). Each clinic includes a student workbook, with corresponding quiz questions/problems.
Carrier Technical Development Programs (Tdp) Books
Technical Development Programs (TDP) are modules of technical training on HVAC theory, system design, equipment selection and application topics. They are targeted at engineers and designers who wish to develop their knowledge in this field to effectively design, specify, sell or apply HVAC equipment in commercial applications.
Rhvac - بارهای تهویه مطبوع مسکونی و اندازه کانال
Rhvac can calculate peak heating and cooling loads (both block and room by room) for residential buildings and some light commercial applications in accordance with ACCA Manual J, D, and S. Rhvac include a complete ACCA Manual D duct sizing capability and a complete Manual S equipment selection.
رنگ ظروف مبرد
این دستورالعمل برای راهنمایی صنعت اعم از تولید کنندگان، مهندسان، نصابان، پیمانکاران و کاربران در نظر گرفته شده است.
Refrig – Refrigeration Box Loads
Refrig quickly calculates the maximum refrigeration load in btu’s per 24 hour period for all types of refrigeration applications. Refrig has provision for all kinds of loads including: roofs, walls, partitions, floors, products, containers, infiltration, lights, equipment, people, defrost, compressor run-time, and more.
3E Plus Software
NAIMA’s FREE 3E Plus® software program makes it easy to calculate the appropriate insulation thickness necessary for any application. To ensure accuracy, the program has customizable inputs for every aspect of your job—and offers default values if your exact numbers aren’t available.
Refrigerants P-H Diagram
The pressure-enthalpy diagram (log P/h diagram) is a very useful tool for refrigerant technicians, engineers and researchers. Since it’s not always possible to have all of these diagrams together, we decided to give you this complete pack.
Hvacr Equipment Life Expectancy
Below you can see ASHRAE chart of HVAC Equipment Life Expectancy. The chart includes a list of median life expectancy for the following types of equipment: