Fondamenti e ingegneria
Costruzione della pompa (Parte 1)
In 1689 the physicist Denis Papin invented the centrifugal pump and today this kind of pump is the most used around the world. The centrifugal pump is built on a simple principle: Liquid is led to the impeller hub and by means of the centrifugal force it is flung towards the periphery of the impellers. The construction is fairly inexpensive, robust and simple and its high speed makes it possible to connect the pump directly to an asynchronous motor.
Selezione delle valvole di espansione
The expansion valve regulates the amount of compressed liquid refrigerant moving into the evaporator. It removes pressure from the liquid refrigerant to allow expansion or change of state from a liquid to a gas in the evaporator. In order to properly select Expansion Valves one should pay attention to the items that we mention in this post.
Tubo d'acqua contro caldaie a tubo di fuoco
Water tube boilers and fire tube boilers are two different types of steam boilers that are commonly used in industrial and commercial applications. Both types of boilers use a system of tubes to generate steam, but they differ in the way that the tubes are arranged and the way that the hot gases from the burner pass through the tubes.
Colpo d'ariete (parte 1)
Under unfavorable circumstances, damage due to water hammer may occur in pipelines measuring more than one hundred meters and conveying only several tenths of a liter per second. But even very short, unsupported pipelines in pumping stations can be damaged by resonant vibrations if they are not properly anchored. By contrast, the phenomenon is not very common in building services systems, e.g. in heating and drinking water supply pipelines, which typically are short in length and have a small cross-section.
Formule e calcoli di refrigerazione
These formulas are commonly used in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning to calculate various performance parameters of a refrigeration system such as compression work, compression power, coefficient of performance, net refrigeration effect, capacity, compressor displacement, heat of compression, volumetric efficiency, and compression ratio. These formulas are based on the thermodynamics principles and are generally used to evaluate the performance of the refrigeration system and to optimize its design.
Il coefficiente di velocità (CV)
Cv, or coefficient of velocity, is a measure of the flow capacity of a valve. It represents the number of gallons per minute (GPM) of water at 60°F that will flow through a valve with a one-inch opening at a pressure drop of one pound per square inch (PSI). Cv can be calculated using various formulas, such as the one based on water at 60F and one that takes into account the specific gravity of the fluid. Cv is a theoretical value and it may vary depending on the actual conditions of the valve. When selecting a valve for a specific application, it is important to consider the Cv in relation to the flow rate and pressure drop requirements of the system, as well as other factors such as ease of maintenance, cost, and safety.
Linee guida per l'isolamento dei tubi
Pipe insulation is crucial for maintaining energy efficiency, temperature control, condensation control, noise reduction, and safety. ASHRAE provides specific thickness recommendations for different pipe sizes and temperature ranges in its standard 90.1. When selecting pipe insulation based on ASHRAE standards, it’s important to consider the temperature, pipe size, environmental considerations, fire resistance, and energy efficiency.
Tubazioni del refrigerante – parte 2
In questo post continueremo la nostra formazione completa su come dimensionare le tubazioni del refrigerante. Tratteremo tutti gli aspetti importanti di questo processo, inclusa la determinazione della dimensione del tubo, della caduta di pressione e di altri fattori. Discuteremo anche argomenti come il dimensionamento delle linee del refrigerante, la lunghezza equivalente delle linee del refrigerante e come determinare la lunghezza equivalente. Con questa formazione avrai la conoscenza e la sicurezza necessarie per dimensionare le tubazioni del refrigerante in modo accurato e corretto in qualsiasi situazione.
Standard e conformità
Design del condotto HVAC: perdita di attrito dei raccordi per condotti
Complete guide to HVAC duct fittings friction loss using Carrier standards covering loss coefficients, pressure drop calculations, and system optimization for efficient air distribution design.
Design del condotto HVAC: smorzatori, attenuatori e perdita di attrito bobine
Complete guide to HVAC dampers, attenuators, and coils friction loss using SMACNA standards covering pressure drop calculations, component selection, and system optimization for efficient air distribution design.
Design del condotto HVAC: condotto a rettangolare equivalente
Complete guide to HVAC round-to-rectangular duct equivalency using ASHRAE standards covering conversion formulas, performance considerations, and system optimization for space-constrained installations.
Design del condotto HVAC: perdita di attrito del condotto
Complete guide to HVAC duct friction loss calculations using ASHRAE standards covering friction charts, pressure drop analysis, and system optimization for efficient air distribution design.
Design del condotto HVAC: classificazione della pressione del condotto
Complete guide to HVAC duct pressure classification using SMACNA standards covering pressure class selection, construction requirements, and testing protocols for safe and efficient ductwork systems.
Design del condotto HVAC: dimensionamento del condotto della cucina commerciale
Complete guide to commercial kitchen duct sizing using ASHRAE and NFPA standards covering exhaust hood design, grease management, fire safety, and make-up air systems for food service operations.
Design del condotto HVAC: dimensionamento del condotto per velocità e criteri di rumore (NC)
Complete guide to HVAC duct sizing using velocity and noise criteria with ASHRAE and CIBSE standards covering acoustic design, velocity limits, and noise control for sensitive applications.
Design del condotto HVAC: dimensionamento del condotto con un metodo di attrito uguale
Complete guide to HVAC duct sizing using the equal friction method with SMACNA and ASHRAE standards covering calculation procedures, friction rate selection, and system optimization for effective air distribution design.
Design del condotto HVAC: raccomandazioni di Smacna di dimensionamento del condotto
Complete guide to HVAC duct sizing using SMACNA recommendations covering equal friction, velocity, and static regain methods with design calculations and system optimization for effective air distribution.
Strumenti e risorse digitali
Funzioni di programmazione psicrometrica
ibrary of psychrometric functions to calculate thermodynamic properties of air for Python, C, C#, Fortran, JavaScript and VBA/Excel
Software Carrier Hap
Carrier’s Hourly Analysis Program is two powerful tools in one package – versatile features for designing HVAC systems for commercial buildings AND powerful energy analysis capabilities for comparing energy consumption and operating costs of design alternatives.
Software Trace 700
TRACE 700 enables building designers to optimize the building, system and equipment designs on the basis of energy utilization and life-cycle cost. The Trane software for TRACE 700 facilitates analysis of the energy and economic effects of virtually any chiller plant configuration by allowing users to manipulate a wide range of variables and create a profile of their specific building.
Scarica Evap-Cond 5.0: lo strumento di simulazione dello scambiatore di calore finale per gli ingegneri HVAC
Sia che tu stia progettando un nuovo scambiatore di calore, ottimizzando un sistema esistente o ricercando refrigeranti alternativi, EVAP-COND fornisce le capacità di analisi dettagliate necessarie per prendere decisioni informate. Incoraggio tutti gli ingegneri e i ricercatori HVAC a esplorare questo potente strumento di simulazione e sperimentare in prima persona come può trasformare il tuo approccio al design dello scambiatore di calore.
Scarica il libro di testo sul trasferimento di calore
The book is meant for juniors, seniors, and first-year graduate students. And to those who choose to learn the subject on their own, and to practicing engineers who use it as a reference. Whether one studies alone or with a class, learning means posing, then answering, one’s own questions.