Materials Thermal Properties Database

In the fast-paced world of engineering and design, accurate and reliable data on material properties is crucial for making informed decisions. The Materials Thermal Properties Database is a comprehensive online platform that offers an extensive collection of thermophysical properties of materials, specifically tailored to the needs of professionals working in the built environment, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC), refrigeration, building envelope, electrical, lighting, water and energy use, solar power, concentrating solar power (CSP), and other related fields.

The table incorporates numerous vital characteristics such as thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, thermal effusivity, and material density. The Materials Thermal Properties Database, with its intuitive interface and straightforward layout, lets you swiftly locate precise, current data to aid your research, design, and analytical work.

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Material
Thermal Conductivity 
(W/m*K)
Thermal Diffusivity 
(mm2/s)
Specific Heat Capacity 
(J/kg*K)
Thermal Effusivity 
(Ws0.5/(m2K))
Material Density 
(kg/m3)
1-dodecene
0.14
0.0856
2150
478.5
761
abs resin (high k)
0.209
0.13
1506
572
1040
abs resin (low k)
0.138
0.09
1506
465
1040
acetal resin (delrin)
0.23
0.11
1464
692
1420
acetone
0.181
0.1
2160
556
790
acetylene
0.5
0.27
3000
960.5
615
acrylic (high k)
0.251
0.15
1423
655
1200
acrylic (lucite plexiglass)
0.152
0.1
1297
486
1200
actinium
12.552
9.9
126
3989
10100
air
0.025
19.4
1004
6
1.29
alkyd isocyanate foam
0.05
0.19
1674
116
160
allyl cast resins (high heat capacity)
0.205
0.07
2343
790
1300
allyl cast resins (low heat capacity)
0.205
0.15
1088
538
1300
alumina brick (Al2O3 53) (20 p)
1.381
0.79
753
1557
2330
alumina brick (Al2O3 83) (28 p)
1.506
0.78
753
1707
2570
alumina brick fused (Al2O3 96) (22 p)
3.096
1.42
753
2600
2900
alumina brick high k (Al2O3 87) (22 p)
2.929
1.37
753
2507
2850
alumina porcelain (high k)
18.828
6.97
795
7134
3400
aluminum
225.94
91
921
23688
2698
aluminum (liquid)
92.048
36
1084
15345
2360
aluminum alloy (Al Mg 2.5-5.0)
125.52
53.7
879
17127
2660
aluminum alloy (Al84.0 cast or tempd)
83.68
35.3
879
14089
2700
aluminum alloy (Al84.0 average trtmt)
125.52
52.9
879
17256
2700
aluminum alloy (Al84.0 wrot or annld)
146.44
61.7
879
18638
2700
aluminum alloy (Al90.0 cast or tempd)
104.6
44.1
879
15752
2700
aluminum alloy (Al92.0 wrot or annld)
167.36
70.6
879
19925
2700
aluminum alloy (Al93.0 average trtmt)
146.44
61.7
879
18638
2700
aluminum alloy (Al94.0 cast or tempd)
125.52
52.9
879
17256
2700
aluminum alloy (Al96.0 average trtmt)
167.36
70.6
879
19925
2700
aluminum alloy (Al96.0 wrot or annld)
188.28
79.4
879
21134
2700
aluminum alloy (Al96.5 cast or tempd)
146.44
61.7
879
18638
2700
aluminum alloy (Al98.0 average trtmt)
188.28
79.4
879
21134
2700
aluminum alloy (Al98.5 cast or tempd)
167.36
70.6
879
19925
2700
aluminum alloy (Al99.0 average trtmt)
209.2
88.2
879
22277
2700
aluminum alloy (Al99.0 wrot or annld)
209.2
88.2
879
22277
2700
aluminum alloy (Al99.2 cast or tempd)
188.28
79.4
879
21134
2700
aluminum alloy (Al99.8 cast or tempd)
209.2
88.2
879
22277
2700
aluminum alloy 2024-5-t4 (annealed)
175.73
75.5
837
20219
2780
aluminum alloy 2024-t4 and 24s-24 (ar)
118.41
50.9
837
16597
2780
aluminum alloy 7075-t6 (annealed)
163.18
69.6
837
19557
2801
aluminum alloy 7075-t6 (as received)
121.34
51.8
837
16864
2801
aluminum alloy 7079
121.34
55.7
795
16258
2740
aluminum fluosilicate (topaz) (2 AlFO.SiO2) (c-axis)
22.05
4.96
1255
9898
3540
aluminum fluosilicate (topaz) (2 AlFS.SiO2) (a-axis)
19.246
4.33
1255
9247
3540
aluminum nitride (AlN) (prs axis 98 d)
35.146
15
732
9075
3200
aluminum oxide (Al2O3) (polyxtal 55 d)
17.573
10.3
778
5485
2200
aluminum oxide + cr (Al2O3 23 Cr 77)
46.024
15.5
502
11677
5900
aluminum oxide + cr (Al2O3 70 cr 30)
9.205
2.49
628
5838
5900
aluminum oxide foam (Al2O3)
0.042
0.11
778
128
500
aluminum oxide foam (Al2O3)
5.23
3.54
778
2781
1900
aluminum silicate (3Al2O3.2SiO2) (100d)
6.276
2.56
766
3921
3200
americium
12.552
8.55
126
4293
11700
ammonia (NH3) (gas)
0.024
15.2
2084
6
0.771
ammonia (NH3) (liquid under pressure)
0.05
0.02
4686
381
618
ammonium bromide (NH4Br)
2.51
1.03
1004
2475
2430
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)
2.51
0.98
1678
2539
1530
analcite – sodium aluminum silicate hydrate (Na2O.Al2O3.4SiO2.4H2O)
3.431
1.13
1339
3222
2260
andalusite – aluminum silicate (Al2O3.SiO2) (ortho xtal)
11.004
4.55
770
5158
3140
aniline
0.17
0.08
2140
609.4
1021
antimony
18.41
13.3
207
5053
6696
antimony (liquid)
20.92
12.6
255
5891
6500
antimony telluride (Sb2Te3)
3.305
2.43
209
2120
6500
antimony telluride (sb2te3) (polyxtal)
4.602
3.39
209
2502
6500
argon (gas)
0.018
19.4
519
4
1.784
armco iron
74
20.24
850
22200
7860
arsenic grey
4.184
2.21
331
2815
5730
arsenic telluride (As2Te3) (v zone mlt)
2.594
1.85
234
1910
6000
astitine
0.418
0.4
139
661
7500
balsa wood (across grain)
0.05
0.17
2301
123
130
balsa wood (across grain)
0.084
0.11
2301
248
320
baratol h.e. (tnt 26 ba nitrate 76)
0.495
0.24
803
1017
2600
barium
33.472
50.8
188
4697
3500
barium boride (BaB6)
44.769
8.22
1255
15615
4340
barium fluoride (BaF2) (single crystal)
11.297
5.26
439
4926
4890
barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2) (prsd 8 k8)
1.297
0.46
879
1921
3240
barium sulfate (BaSO4) (crystal)
1.674
0.56
669
2245
4500
barium titanate (BaO.TiO2) (+mn nb ox)
1.297
0.5
439
1833
5900
barium titanate (BaO.TiO2) (sintered)
3.389
1.31
439
2964
5900
barium titanate (bBaO.TiO2) (100 d)
4.184
1.61
439
3293
5900
benzene
0.141
0.09
1700
459
879
berkelium
12.552
8.34
126
4348
12000
beryl – beryllium aluminosilicate (3BeO.Al2O3.6SiO2)
6.276
1.89
1255
4569
2650
beryllium
184.1
54.1
1841
25027
1848
beryllium + beo (Be BeO 0.6-1.7)
179.91
53.7
1820
24546
1840
beryllium alloy (Be96.5)
142.26
43
1799
21700
1840
beryllium alloy (Be96.5) (annealed)
175.73
53.1
1799
24118
1840
beryllium alloy (Be98.5) (annealed)
158.99
48.5
1799
22835
1823
beryllium alloy (Be98.5) (as received)
133.89
40.8
1799
20955
1823
beryllium alloy (Be99.5)
154.81
45.7
1841
22900
1840
beryllium carbide (Be2C) (hp or snt)
23.43
7.84
1423
8368
2100
beryllium copper (Cu Bal Be 0.38-0.55)
220.08
63.3
398
27667
8750
beryllium nitride (Be3Nn2) (prsd 3.4 kb)
0.711
0.33
1255
1232
1700
beryllium oxide (BeO) (76 pc dens)
138.07
57.4
1046
18225
2300
beryllium oxide (BeO) (96 pc dens)
255.22
84.1
1046
27824
2900
beryllium oxide + be (BeO 3-12)
209.2
67.5
1088
25469
2850
beryllium oxide + Be + Mo (Be 7 Mo 7)
158.99
51.5
1038
22158
2975
beryllium oxide + Be + Si
192.46
63.5
1046
24162
2900
beryllium oxide porcelain (4811)
125.52
43.1
1004
19117
2900
beta-spodumene (Li2O.Al2O3.4SiO2) (tet)
1.046
0.27
1255
2017
3100
bismuth
8.368
7.08
121
3146
9750
bismuth (liquid)
10.878
7.64
142
3934
10000
bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3-P) (plane dr)
2.51
2.11
154
1728
7700
bismuth telluride sulfide (Bi2Te2S)
2.385
2
176
1688
6800
boride z cermet (ZrB2 81-87 MoSi2 13)
20.92
8.01
502
7391
5200
borolite 101 cermet (ZrB2 93-96 B 4-7)
27.614
11.3
460
8207
5300
boron
2.092
0.74
1130
2431
2500
boron carbide (B4C) (dense)
28.451
12.9
921
7928
2400
boron carbide (B4C) (porous)
17.154
9.32
921
5620
2000
boron nitride (Bn 80 C 20) (prs axis)
19.037
14.8
795
4952
1620
boron nitride (bn 97 bn2o3 2) (prs ax)
15.062
9.02
795
5015
2100
boron nitride (Bn 97 Bn2O3 2) (perp p)
28.87
17.3
795
6943
2100
boron nitride (BN) (perp pr axis 95 d)
32.844
19.7
795
7405
2100
boron nitride (BN) (prs axis 94 d)
20.92
12.5
795
5910
2100
brass leaded
117.15
36.6
377
19365
8500
brass yellow (Cu65 Zn35)
117.15
36.7
377
19331
8470
brass aluminum (Cu76 Zn22 Al2)
100.42
31
377
18034
8600
brass cartridge (Cu70 Zn30)
100.42
28
418
18976
8570
brass muntz metal
125.52
39.7
377
19927
8400
brass red cast (Cu85 Zn5 Pb5 Sn3)
71.965
21.8
377
15399
8750
brass red wrought (Cu85 Zn15)
146.44
44.4
377
21967
8750
brass tin (naval and admiralty)
112.97
35.5
377
18972
8460
brick masonry medium
0.711
0.43
837
1091
2000
bromine
0.122
0.08
460
417
3100
bromine (gas)
0.005
2.59
234
3
7.59
bronze phospher 1.25 percent
205.02
61.2
377
26214
8900
bronze tin (cast) high leaded
41.84
12.1
377
12040
9200
bronze aluminum (Cu92 Al8)
71.128
23.9
377
14547
7900
bronze architectural
121.34
37.9
377
19708
8500
bronze manganese
104.6
33.2
377
18147
8360
bronze phospher 1.25 percent
205.02
61.2
377
26214
8900
bronze phospher 10 percent
50.208
15.2
377
12885
8780
bronze phospher 5 percent
71.128
21.3
377
15406
8860
bronze silicon high
33.472
10.4
377
10369
8530
bronze silicon low
54.392
16.5
377
13388
8750
bronze tin (cast) leaded
50.208
15.3
377
12826
8700
butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber + c
0.418
0.22
1443
899
1340
butyl rubber
0.088
0.05
1966
394
900
cadmium
92.048
46.3
230
13535
8650
cadmium (liquid)
34.727
16.5
264
8558
8000
calcium
125.52
123
657
11305
1550
calcium boride (CaB6)
39.162
12.7
1255
10996
2460
calcium carbonate – calcite (CaCO3) (a axis)
3.849
1.7
837
2955
2710
calcium carbonate – calcite (CaCO3) (c axis)
4.393
1.94
837
3156
2710
calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (natural)
2.259
1.04
837
2221
2610
calcium fluoride (CaF2) (mineral aggr)
4.017
1.08
1167
3861
3180
calcium fluoride (CaF2) (single xtal)
9.623
2.59
1167
5976
3180
calcium oxide (CaO) (packed pwd 50 d)
0.318
0.25
753
638
1700
calcium oxide (CaO) (pressed 91 dens)
13.807
6.05
753
5613
3030
calcium titanate (cao.tio2)
4.602
1.54
728
3706
4100
californium
12.552
8.34
126
4348
12000
carbon amorphous (carbon stock)
6.276
5.88
707
2589
1510
carbon diamond gem quality type 1
543.92
306
506
31090
3510
carbon graphite (typical k)
167.36
105
707
16318
2250
carbon monoxide
0.023
17.9
1046
6
1.25
carbon tetrachloride
0.11
0.0824
840
383.2
1590
castor oil
0.181
0.1
1800
558
956
cellulose acetate (high k)
0.335
0.18
1464
798
1300
cellulose acetate (low k)
0.167
0.09
1464
564
1300
cellulose acetate butyrate (high k)
0.335
0.19
1464
767
1200
cellulose acetate butyrate (low k)
0.167
0.1
1464
542
1200
cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin)
0.23
0.11
1464
682
1380
cellulose proprionate (high k)
0.335
0.19
1464
767
1200
cellulose proprionate (low k)
0.167
0.1
1464
542
1200
cellulose triacetate
0.251
0.13
1464
691
1300
cerium
10.878
8.32
193
3771
6790
cerium boride (CeB6) (99.0 pc dense)
33.89
11.5
628
9998
4700
cerium oxide (CeO2)
11.715
5.46
352
5012
6100
cerium sulfide (Ce2S3)
0.586
0.33
343
1022
5200
cerium sulfide (ces)
8.368
4.82
293
3812
5930
cesium
41.84
97.2
230
4243
1870
cesium (liquid)
25.104
54.4
251
3405
1840
chalk (avg prop)
0.837
0.59
921
1089
1540
chloroform
0.13
0.0891
980
435.5
1489
chrome alum (Cr2(SO4)3.K2SO4.24H2O)
2.092
0.86
1339
2262
1826
chrome brick (Cr2O3 32)
1.172
0.58
628
1534
3200
chrome magnesite brick
2.092
0.93
753
2174
3000
chrome-nickel-iron superalloys
23.43
6.67
439
9074
8000
chromium
87.864
27.4
448
16782
7160
chromium carbide + ni (Cr(x)C(y) Ni)
11.297
3.36
502
6165
6700
chromium copper (Cu Bal Cr0.5)
326.35
97.6
377
33036
8880
chromium nitride (Cr2N)
22.594
5.54
628
9601
6500
chromium nitride (CrN)
12.134
2.85
699
7191
6100
chromium silicide (CrSi2)
7.95
3.22
494
4430
5000
cobalt
84.935
22.7
423
17833
8860
cobalt alloy (Co64 Cr30 W6)
12.552
3.56
418
6658
8440
cobalt alloy he-1049
14.644
4.71
352
6748
8846
cobalt alloy hs-21 (aged)
32.635
9.3
423
10699
8300
cobalt alloy hs-21 (as cast)
12.552
3.58
423
6635
8300
cobalt alloy hs-23
13.389
3.75
418
6917
8540
cobalt alloy hs-25 (l-605) (wrought)
9.205
2.61
385
5694
9150
cobalt alloy hs-27 (cast)
11.171
3.25
418
6195
8210
cobalt alloy hs-30 (422-19) (as cast)
12.552
3.61
418
6606
8310
cobalt alloy hs-31 (x-40) (as cast)
12.552
3.48
418
6724
8610
cobalt alloy hs-36 (cast)
9.372
2.69
385
5711
9040
cobalt alloy j-1570
10.042
2.86
418
5941
8400
cobalt alloy jessop g-32
14.644
4.24
418
7114
8260
cobalt alloy k-42b
12.552
3.57
418
6642
8400
cobalt alloy multimet (n-155) (low c)
16.318
4.57
435
7637
8215
cobalt alloy multimet (n-155) (wrought)
12.97
3.63
435
6809
8215
cobalt alloy s-590 (wrought)
12.97
3.71
418
6731
8350
cobalt alloy s-816 (wrought)
12.97
3.57
418
6863
8680
cobalt alloy v-36 (wrought)
12.552
3.49
418
6720
8600
cobalt alloy wi-52 (cr coated sample)
19.665
5.6
418
8313
8400
cobalt alloy wi-A664:G67052
25.104
7.14
418
9393
8400
cobalt oxide (CoO)
10.042
2.21
703
6753
6460
cobalt silicide (cos)
9.623
2.49
586
6100
6600
colombium alloy (Bb80 W15 Mo5)
50.208
21.2
247
10909
9600
colombium alloy (Cb61 Ta28 W10 Zr0.5)
44.769
20.8
201
9808
10700
colombium alloy (Cb85 Ti10 Zr5)
29.288
14.8
255
7621
7770
colombium alloy (Cb95 Ta5)
44.769
19.8
251
10056
9000
commercial bronze (Cu75 Sn25)
188.28
56.8
377
24979
8800
composition b-3 h.e. (rdx 60 tnt 40)
0.262
0.11
1356
783
1725
composition c-4 h.e. (rdx 90 binders)
0.26
0.14
1172
696
1590
concrete 1-4 dry
0.753
0.5
657
1067
2300
concrete cinder
0.335
0.32
657
593
1600
concrete lightweight
0.209
0.34
657
361
950
concrete stone (1-2-4 mix)
1.046
0.69
657
1257
2300
copper
397.48
116
385
36983
8940
copper alloy – cupronickel (Cu70 Ni30)
29.288
8.74
377
9908
8900
copper alloy (110)
390
113
385
36576
8910
copper alloy (Cu Bal Be 1.7-1.9)
108.78
33.1
398
18899
8260
copper alloy (Cu99.4 Al0.3 Zr0.27)
217.57
64.9
377
27004
8900
copper alloy constantan (Cu55 Ni45)
22.175
6.28
398
8852
8890
copper alloy manganin (Cu84 Ni4 Mn12)
22.175
6.77
377
8524
8700
copper alloy nickel silver (Ni 10-20)
33.472
10.1
377
10532
8800
copper gilding metal (Cu95 Zn5)
230.12
69
377
27694
8850
copper lithium oxide (96CuO.4LiO)
15.272
3.62
669
8025
6300
copper oxide (CuO) (tenorite)
17.991
5.17
536
7914
6500
copper sulfate (CuSO4) (crystal)
2.092
0.77
753
2384
3606
copper sulfate hydrate (CuSO4.5H2O)
2.259
0.84
1172
2459
2284
copper wrought
376.56
112
377
35526
8900
copy paper
0.0904
0.08771
1260
305
818
cordierite – magnesium aluminum silicate (2MgO.2Al2O3.5SiO2)
2.218
1.36
774
1899
2100
cork ground
0.043
0.14
2008
114
150
cork ground regranulated
0.045
0.17
2008
108
130
cupronickel (Cu90 Ni10)
41.84
12.5
377
11842
8900
curium
12.552
14.3
126
3321
7000
cyclohexane
0.13
0.0898
1860
433.8
778
cypress wood (across grain)
0.096
0.09
2301
319
460
dandelion
7.699
2.86
418
4551
6430
datb h.e. (diamino trinitrobenzene)
0.251
0.11
1255
752
1795
decane
0.15
0.1027
2000
468.1
730
deuterium
0.14
110
7113
13
0.18
deuterium oxide (D2O) (liquid)
0.561
0.12
4205
1610
1100
diabasic glass (artificial)
1.172
0.65
753
1455
2400
diallyl phthalate (dapon)
0.305
0.16
1130
755
1650
diatomaceous earth brick (accr strata)
0.088
0.25
795
175
440
diatomaceous earth brick (high burn)
0.226
0.48
795
326
590
diatomaceous earth brick (molded frd)
0.243
0.5
795
343
610
diatomaceous earth brick (prll strata)
0.138
0.4
795
220
440
diatomaceous earth brick (use to 1100C)
0.222
0.47
795
325
600
diatomaceous earth brick (use to 850c)
0.092
0.26
795
179
440
diesel
0.151
0.09
1900
491
840
di-nitrogen tetroxide
0.29
0.1299
1550
804.6
1440
dolomite – calcium magnesium carbonate (CaMg(CO3)(avg prop)
2.929
1.18
921
2698
2700
dolomite brick stabilized (22 p)
1.674
0.74
837
1945
2700
dysprosium
10.042
6.78
173
3858
8556
egyptian firebrick (64-71 wt% SiO2)
0.314
0.45
732
467
950
einsteinium
12.552
8.34
126
4348
12000
epoxy glass fiber filled (molded)
0.167
0.11
795
503
1900
epoxy der 332 (c) hysol 6000-op (k)
0.195
0.14
1172
525
1210
epoxy silica filled cast
0.628
0.35
1004
1065
1800
epoxy unfilled cast
0.188
0.15
1046
486
1200
erbium
9.623
6.33
168
3825
9060
etbe (ethyl tert-butyl ether)
0.14
0.0824
2207
487.7
770
ethanol
0.18
0.0934
2440
588.9
790
ether (diethyl ether)
0.14
0.0866
2260
475.7
715
ethyl cellulose (wide range of c k)
0.23
0.1
2092
744
1150
ethyl vinyl acetate
0.075
0.03
2301
456
1200
ethylene glycol
0.249
0.09
2386
814
1115
ethylene glycol 30%
0.484
0.12
3714
1365
1037
ethylene glycol 50%
0.425
0.12
3287
1215
1056
europium
12.552
13.5
176
3419
5300
europium boride (EuB6) (93.0 pc dense)
23.012
7.97
628
8151
4600
expanded polystyrene foam (NIST 1453)
0.033
0.77
1130
38
38
extruded polystyrene foam
0.029
0.773
1200
25
29
fermium
12.552
8.34
126
4348
12000
fiberfax paper
0.03
0.13
732
84
324
Fibrous glass board (NIST 1450d)
0.0325
0.2323
1093
67
128
fireclay brick (22 p)
1.297
0.9
732
1371
1980
fired carbon brick
3.598
3.46
707
1934
1470
flint glass
0.753
0.63
502
953
2400
fluorine (gas)
0.026
19.1
816
6
1.696
fluorocarbons cfe and ctfe
0.251
0.13
921
700
2120
fluorocarbons fep
0.251
0.1
1172
805
2200
fluorocarbons tfe (teflon)
0.251
0.12
1004
740
2170
foamed glass
0.035
0.32
753
61
144
forsterite – magnesium silicate (2MgO.SiO2) (100 pc dense)
5.858
2.19
837
3960
3200
forsterite brick (MgO 58 SiO2 38)(20 p)
1.004
0.46
795
1484
2760
forsterite ceramics
5
2.137
780
3420
3000
francium
12.552
7.35
142
4630
12000
fused quartz silica glass (SiO2)
1.381
0.84
745
1504
2200
gadolinium
8.786
4.85
230
3989
7870
gadolinium boride (GdB6) (95.6 pc dens)
20.502
6.53
628
8021
5000
gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) (monoc) (98 d)
10.042
4.53
290
4717
7640
gallium
33.472
15.2
372
8581
5907
gallium (liquid)
33.472
13.8
399
9015
6090
gasoline
0.151
0.09
2100
488
750
germanium (intrinsic p-type)
58.576
34.1
322
10025
5325
germanium (n-type)
58.576
34.1
322
10025
5325
glass (avg prop)
1.046
0.54
837
1419
2300
glass borosilicate crown
1.046
0.62
669
1328
2520
glycerol
0.271
0.08
2400
906
1262
gold
317.98
129
128
28027
19300
gold (liquid)
167.36
65.4
149
20699
17240
granite (avg prop)
2.51
1.13
837
2359
2650
granite (high k)
3.975
1.79
837
2969
2650
granite (low k)
1.715
0.77
837
1950
2650
Graphite Sheet 100 um (in-plane)
700
968
850
22489
850
Graphite Sheet 25 um (in-plane)
1600
896
850
53442
2100
Graphite Sheet 70 um (in-plane)
800
855
850
27350
1100
gypsum – calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4.4H2O)
1.297
0.51
1088
1809
2320
gypsum (CaCO4 4H2O) (artificial)
0.753
0.33
1088
1315
2110
hafnium
22.175
11.8
142
6454
13200
hafnium boride (HfB2)
41.84
14.9
251
10845
11200
hafnium carbide (HfC)
29.288
12.3
188
8336
12600
hafnium nitride (HfN)
11.715
5.16
209
5157
10850
hafnium oxide (HfO2) (monoc) (94 d)
1.674
0.68
272
2035
9100
hard fired silica brick (SiO2 94-95)
1.674
1.24
753
1506
1800
helium (gas)
0.15
164
5188
12
0.177
hematite (Fe2O3)
12.552
3.82
628
6425
5240
holmium
10.042
6.9
165
3822
8800
hydrazine
0.57
0.1832
3080
1331.7
1010
hydrogen
0.12
0.1943
8700
272.2
71
hydrogen (gas)
0.186
145
14230
15
0.0899
indium
23.43
13.5
239
6387
7300
indium (liquid)
43.932
23.5
266
9065
7030
indium antimonide (InSb) (imp 0.16)
16.318
10.7
218
4986
7000
indium antimonide (insb) (imp 0.33-1.2)
71.128
46.7
218
10409
7000
indium arsenide (inas) (polyx imp 3.0)
52.718
35
251
8910
6000
indium arsenide (inas) (pure s-doped)
26.778
17.8
251
6350
6000
indium telluride (In2Te3)
1.255
1.35
201
1080
4629
iodine (solid)
0.004
0
218
68
4930
iridium
146.44
50.2
130
20672
22500
iron ductile (0.06 mg)
33.472
9.79
460
10698
7430
iron grey cast pearlitic (3.4 c)
58.576
17.7
460
13922
7190
iron ni-resist type d2 (cast)
13.389
3.93
460
6757
7410
iron wrought (various)
58.576
16.5
460
14407
7700
iron (0 to 3000 deg c)
71.965
20.4
448
15924
7870
iron (-273 to 763 deg c)
71.965
20.4
448
15924
7870
iron (-51 to 1537 deg c)
71.128
20.2
448
15831
7870
iron ductile
28.87
8.71
460
9781
7200
iron ductile (Mg containing)
33.054
9.98
460
10465
7200
iron grey cast ferritic (2.3-3.0 c)
50.208
15.2
460
12889
7190
iron grey cast ferritic (3.2-3.8 c)
71.128
21.5
460
15341
7190
iron grey cast pearlitic (2.3-3.0 c)
41.84
12.6
460
11766
7190
iron grey cast pearlitic (3.0-3.2 c)
50.208
15.2
460
12889
7190
iron grey cast pearlitic (3.7-3.8 c)
66.944
20.2
460
14883
7190
iron grey cast pearlitic (4.12 c)
79.496
24
460
16218
7190
iron ingot (fe99.9+)
71.128
20.2
448
15831
7870
iron malleable (2.5 c)
51.045
13.5
527
13920
7200
iron ni-hard types 1 and 2 (kovar)
14.226
4.02
460
7100
7700
iron ni-resist type 3 (cast)
39.33
11.6
460
11573
7400
iron ni-resist type 4 (cast)
37.656
10.1
502
11828
7400
iron ni-resist types 1 and 2 (cast)
39.748
11.8
460
11556
7300
iron ni-tensyliron (cast heat treat)
46.024
13.9
460
12349
7200
iron nodular cast ferritic base
37.656
11.4
460
11170
7200
iron nodular cast pearlitic base
37.656
11.4
460
11170
7200
iron oxide – hematite (Fe2O3)
12.552
3.82
628
6425
5240
iron oxide – magnatite (FeO.Fe2O3)
5.021
1.48
653
4128
5200
iron sulfide (FeS2) (single crystal)
37.907
13.6
557
10270
5000
isooctane
0.1
0.0688
2100
381.2
692
kaolin brick
0.084
0.36
774
139
300
kaolin brick
0.251
0.75
774
289
430
kerosene
0.13
0.3476
2000
220.5
820
krypton (gas)
0.009
99.9
247
1
0.3733
kyanite – aluminum silicate (Al2O3.SiO2) (tricl crystal)
17.322
6.16
770
6977
3650
lanthanum
13.807
11.6
193
4059
6200
lanthanum boride (LaB6) (99.5 pc dense)
47.698
16.5
628
11735
4600
lawrencium
12.552
8.34
126
4348
12000
lead
34.309
23.3
130
7107
11350
lead (liquid)
16.318
10.2
151
5104
10600
lead alloy (Pb39.2 Sn60.8) (solder)
50.208
30
197
9160
8500
lead alloy (Pb50 Sn50) (solder)
46.024
24.3
213
9344
8890
lead alloy (Pb60 Sn40) (solder)
47.279
22.3
230
10004
9200
lead alloy (solder) (Sn37.5 Pb37.5 In25)
56.902
27.5
239
10860
8690
lead antimonial (Pb Sb 4-6) (hard)
29.706
20.2
134
6603
10960
lead antimonial (Pb Sb 8-9)
26.987
18.8
134
6218
10700
lead glass
1.13
0.74
502
1313
3040
lead oxide (PbO) (yellow)
2.929
1.79
205
2192
8000
lead telluride (PbTe) (polyxtal)
2.343
1.91
151
1697
8160
lead telluride (pbte) (single crystal)
2.092
1.7
151
1603
8160
light mineral oil
0.129
0.08
1717
441
880
limestone (dense dry)
1.674
0.73
921
1962
2500
limestone (H2O 15.3)
0.92
0.61
921
1182
1650
lithium
71.128
38.2
3515
11511
530
lithium (liquid)
42.258
19.7
4226
9525
508
lithium aluminum silicate (b-spodumene)
1.046
0.27
1255
2017
3100
lithium cobalt nickel oxide(46NiO.46CoO.8LiO)
3.598
0.74
753
4197
6500
lithium fluoride (LiF 96) (plastic bnd)
10.042
2.5
1632
6349
2460
lithium fluoride (LiF) (single crystal)
11.088
2.57
1632
6912
2640
lithium hydride (LiH)
7.322
2.5
4184
4631
700
lithium hydride (lih) (cast gas voids)
12.97
4.43
4184
6163
700
lithium manganese selenide (97mn.3li.-)
2.803
1.32
385
2436
5500
lithium nickel oxide (5LiO.95NiO)
13.18
2.81
711
7866
6600
lithium tetraborate (Li2O.2B2O3) (epoxy)
1.757
0.73
1130
2061
2140
lutetium
10.46
7.05
151
3939
9850
lx-04 h.e. (hmx 85 viton a 15)
0.448
0.23
1023
925
1870
lx-07 h.e. (hmx 90 viton a 10)
0.502
0.26
1049
992
1870
lx-09 h.e. (hmx 93 dnpa 4.6 fefo 2.4)
0.515
0.27
1056
1000
1840
lx-10 h.e. (hmx 95 viton a 5)
0.515
0.26
1056
1005
1860
lx-o4-1 h.e. (hmx 85 viton a 15)
0.387
0.18
1172
919
1865
machinable glass ceramic (macor)
1.46
0.73
790
2520
1704
magnesite brick (MgO 87)
3.849
1.82
837
2855
2530
magnesite brick a (MgO 90) (14.5 p)
4.937
1.92
837
3567
3080
magnesite brick b (MgO 93) (22.6 p)
4.812
2.08
837
3334
2760
magnesite brick c (MgO 86) (17.8 p)
3.682
1.51
837
2999
2920
magnesite brick spall res (MgO 89)
3.473
1.55
837
2785
2670
magnesium
150.62
86.2
1004
16221
1740
magnesium (liquid)
83.68
39.8
1339
13263
1570
magnesium alloy (Mg Ag2.5 Ce2 Zr0.6)
112.97
64.5
962
14066
1820
magnesium alloy 1959 (Mg Ce4.33)
129.7
72.6
1004
15225
1780
magnesium alloy 1960 (Mg Ce6.7)
118.83
67.3
1004
14491
1760
magnesium alloy 1961 (Mg Ce11.85)
96.232
57.5
962
12694
1740
magnesium alloy 1964 (Mg Ce5 Co2 Mn0.8)
121.34
68.7
1004
14643
1760
magnesium alloy 1992 (Mg Ce4.45 Co3)
129.7
77.5
962
14737
1740
magnesium alloy a3a (wrought)
108.78
60
1025
14048
1770
magnesium alloy a8(ac or st) (casting)
83.68
45.1
1025
12460
1810
magnesium alloy am100a (casting)
58.576
31.6
1025
10425
1810
magnesium alloy az31(x s) (wrought)
83.68
48
983
12085
1775
magnesium alloy az31b(p s) (wrought)
83.68
47.1
1004
12195
1770
magnesium alloy az61a(x) azm (wrought)
75.312
40.8
1025
11788
1800
magnesium alloy az63a (ac f) (casting)
71.128
37.8
1025
11566
1835
magnesium alloy az80a (x frgd) (wrought)
54.392
31.4
962
9706
1800
magnesium alloy az81a (t4) (casting)
54.392
30.1
1004
9914
1800
magnesium alloy az855(x) (wrought)
79.496
43.1
1025
12111
1800
magnesium alloy az91a b (dc) (casting)
54.392
29.3
1025
10045
1810
magnesium alloy az91c(ac) (casting)
54.392
29.3
1025
10045
1810
magnesium alloy az92a(ac) (casting)
54.392
29.1
1025
10087
1825
magnesium alloy bz33a(ac ah) (casting)
100.42
53.5
1025
13725
1830
magnesium alloy ek30a h812 (casting)
104.6
57
1025
13853
1790
magnesium alloy ek33a h811 (casting)
104.6
55.8
1025
14007
1830
magnesium alloy ek41a(t5 t6) (casting)
100.42
54.1
1025
13649
1810
magnesium alloy hk31a(h24) (casting)
112.97
61.6
1025
14397
1790
magnesium alloy hk31a(o) (casting)
104.6
57
1025
13853
1790
magnesium alloy hk31a(t6) (casting)
92.048
50.2
1025
12996
1790
magnesium alloy hm21a(o h24) (wrought)
138.07
75.7
1025
15872
1780
magnesium alloy hm31a (wrought)
104.6
56.1
1025
13969
1820
magnesium alloy hz32a(ac) zt1 (casting)
104.6
55.8
1025
14007
1830
magnesium alloy m1(ac) (casting)
129.7
71.9
1025
15296
1760
magnesium alloy m1(x s) (wrought)
142.26
78.9
1025
16020
1760
magnesium alloy m1a (wrought)
131.8
73.1
1025
15420
1760
magnesium alloy magnox a12(x) (wrought)
117.15
65.3
1025
14496
1750
magnesium alloy pe (wrought)
108.78
60.3
1025
14009
1760
magnesium alloy za(ac) (casting)
146.44
81.6
1025
16207
1750
magnesium alloy ze10a(o h24) (wrought)
135.98
75.4
1025
15662
1760
magnesium alloy ze41a(t5 ht) (casting)
112.97
64.5
962
14066
1820
magnesium alloy zh42 (casting)
112.97
63.1
962
14220
1860
magnesium alloy zh62a(ac) tz6 (casting)
112.97
63.1
962
14220
1860
magnesium alloy zk20a (wrought)
125.52
68
1025
15218
1800
magnesium alloy zk51a h807 (casting)
110.88
60
1021
14315
1810
magnesium alloy zk60a b zw6 (casting)
117.15
61.2
1046
14975
1830
magnesium alloy zre0 (ez30) (casting)
100.42
54.4
1025
13612
1800
magnesium alloy zre1(aa) (casting)
100.42
54.4
1025
13612
1800
magnesium alloy zty(x) (hk11) (wrought)
121.34
71.6
962
14336
1760
magnesium alloy zw1(x) (zk11) (wrought)
133.89
72.6
1025
15717
1800
magnesium alloy zw3(x) (zk31) (wrought)
125.52
72.5
962
14745
1800
magnesium aluminate (MgO.Al2O3) (100 d)
15.062
5.15
812
6634
3600
magnesium aluminate (MgO.Al2O3) (xtal)
14.226
4.87
812
6447
3600
magnesium oxide (MgO) (polyxtal 100 d)
61.923
18.8
921
14285
3580
magnesium oxide (MgO) (single crystal)
69.036
21
921
15083
3580
magnesium silicide (Mg2Si)
7.908
4.8
837
3611
1970
magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) (crystal)
2.51
0.75
1255
2895
2660
magnesium titanate porcelain
1.883
0.86
753
2028
2900
mahogany wood (across grain)
0.13
0.1
2301
401
540
manganese
6.694
1.88
481
4882
7400
manganese oxide (Mn3O4) (87 pc dense)
4.184
1.59
628
3321
4200
manganese oxide (MnO) (single xtal)
10.042
3.09
603
5716
5400
manganese selenide (97mnse.3lise)
2.803
1.32
385
2436
5500
manganese silicide (MnSi2)
7.197
2.34
586
4700
5240
manganese telluride (95mnte.5mnas)
1.255
0.55
402
1695
5700
manganese telluride (99mnte.nate)
1.841
0.8
402
2053
5700
manganin (Cu84 Ni4 Mn12)
22.175
6.77
377
8524
8700
marble (avg prop)
2.51
1.06
879
2440
2700
marble dielectric (CaCO3 99.99)
3.766
1.59
879
2989
2700
melamine cellulose filled (mst 95-205)
0.314
0.13
1674
873
1450
melamine (high dens high k)
0.711
0.21
1674
1543
2000
melamine (low dens low k)
0.167
0.07
1674
626
1400
melamine alpha cellulose filled
0.356
0.14
1674
945
1500
melamine asbestos filled (mst 95-205)
0.628
0.2
1674
1394
1850
melamine fabric or flock filled
0.444
0.17
1674
1062
1520
melamine glass fiber filled (mst 205)
0.481
0.15
1674
1237
1900
mendelevium
12.552
8.34
126
4348
12000
mercury (liquid)
8.368
4.49
138
3950
13500
mercury chloride (HgCl2)
1.297
0.84
285
1417
5440
methane (CH4) (gas)
0.034
21
2259
7
0.7167
methanol
0.202
0.17
1470
488
801
mica (single crystal) (a or b axes)
4.184
1.79
837
3131
2800
mica (single crystal) (c axis)
0.711
0.3
837
1291
2800
mica (single crystal) (synthetic) (98d)
2.092
0.9
837
2210
2790
mica brick (red or white) (avg prop)
0.167
0.29
837
309
680
mica insulating powder
0.121
0.44
837
183
330
missouri fireclay brick
1.004
0.67
753
1230
2000
mmh (monomethyl hydrazine)
0.25
0.0969
2950
803.1
875
mock h.e. 90010 (pbx-9404 mech mock)
0.532
0.24
1255
1090
1780
mock h.e. lm-04-0 h4-048-a294-3
1.004
0.61
962
1282
1700
mock h.e. lm-04-0 h7-048-a522.1
0.527
0.28
1109
997
1700
mock h.e. rm-04-bg (lx-04-1 mech mock)
0.115
0.06
962
454
1870
molybdenum
133.89
53.2
247
18363
10200
molybdenum alloy (Mo Bal Fe 0.25)
138.07
49
276
19719
10200
molybdenum alloy (Mo70 W30)
123.01
61.6
201
15669
9940
molybdenum alloy (Mo99.5 Ti0.5)
117.15
45
255
17463
10200
molybdenum beryllide (MoBe12)
41.84
13.2
1088
11521
2916
molybdenum carbide (Mo2C)
20.92
6.69
347
8086
9000
molybdenum nitride (Mo2N)
17.154
6.93
310
6518
8000
molybdenum selenide (MoSe2)
2.301
1.53
301
1862
5000
molybdenum silicide (MoSi2)
45.187
17.3
418
10879
6260
molybdenum telluride (mote2)
2.008
1.62
226
1580
5500
mtbe (methyl tert-butyl ether)
0.12
0.0776
2090
430.8
740
mulberry (U90 Nb7.5 Zr2.5)
10.46
4.33
146
5027
16500
mullite (3Al2O3.2SiO2) (100 pc dense)
6.276
2.56
766
3921
3200
n-dodecane
0.14
0.0809
2220
492.2
780
neodymium
12.97
9.43
197
4225
7000
neodymium boride (NdB6) (97.3 pc dense)
47.279
15.7
628
11934
4800
neon (gas)
0.049
52.4
1029
7
0.8999
neoprene rubber
0.192
0.07
2176
724
1250
neptunium
12.552
5.56
126
5325
18000
n-heptane
0.13
0.0856
2220
444.3
684
n-hexadecane (cetane)
0.15
0.0878
2210
506.2
773
n-hexane
0.12
0.0807
2260
422.4
658
nickel
87.864
22.3
444
18623
8900
nickel alloy (Ni35 Cr20 Fe45)
12.97
3.55
460
6889
7950
nickel alloy (Ni60 Cr16 Fe24)
13.389
3.53
460
7130
8250
nickel alloy (Ni62 Cr12 Fe26)
13.389
3.55
460
7108
8200
nickel alloy (Ni99.5) low c 220 225
60.668
14.8
460
15754
8890
nickel alloy 330 (Ni99.55) (annealed)
60.668
14.9
460
15719
8850
nickel alloy a (Ni99.4) (annealed)
66.944
17.1
439
16169
8890
nickel alloy calite n
13.807
3.65
460
7227
8220
nickel alloy chlorimet 3
12.552
3.65
385
6572
8940
nickel alloy constantan (Ni45 Cu55)
22.175
6.28
398
8852
8890
nickel alloy corrosist
20.92
5.83
460
8666
7800
nickel alloy d and e
44.769
11.1
460
13465
8800
nickel alloy duranickel (and -r) (hard)
19.665
5.47
435
8407
8260
nickel alloy duranickel (and -r) (soft)
18.41
5.12
435
8134
8260
nickel alloy durimet 20 (cast)
20.92
5.74
460
8732
7920
nickel alloy hastelloy a (annealed)
9.623
2.78
393
5771
8800
nickel alloy hastelloy b
10.46
2.97
381
6066
9240
nickel alloy hastelloy c
10.46
3.04
385
5999
8940
nickel alloy hastelloy d
20.92
5.94
452
8587
7800
nickel alloy hastelloy n and inor-8
10.753
3.08
398
6130
8790
nickel alloy hastelloy r-235
9.205
2.55
439
5765
8220
nickel alloy hastelloy x
9.832
2.8
427
5877
8230
nickel alloy hy mu 80
33.388
8.53
448
11430
8740
nickel alloy illium g
12.134
3.22
439
6763
8580
nickel alloy illium r
12.97
3.39
460
7043
8310
nickel alloy incoloy
12.134
3.35
452
6627
8010
nickel alloy incoloy 901
13.389
3.89
418
6790
8230
nickel alloy inconel (cast)
10.46
2.79
452
6264
8300
nickel alloy inconel (wrought annld)
13.305
3.48
452
7136
8470
nickel alloy inconel 600 (annealed)
15.062
3.89
456
7633
8480
nickel alloy inconel 700
12.552
3.34
460
6870
8170
nickel alloy inconel 702 (annealed)
12.552
3.26
460
6953
8370
nickel alloy inconel 713c (cast)
12.134
3.43
448
6555
7910
nickel alloy inconel w
14.728
4.03
439
7333
8310
nickel alloy inconel x and x-750
14.226
3.91
439
7193
8280
nickel alloy k-42b
12.552
3.57
418
6642
8400
nickel alloy m-252 (ge j-1500)
9.623
2.67
439
5891
8210
nickel alloy monel h (as cast)
20.92
5.62
439
8828
8480
nickel alloy monel kr (annealed)
18.828
5.07
439
8360
8450
nickel alloy monel (cold-drawn)
16.192
4.25
431
7852
8835
nickel alloy monel (hot-rolled)
22.677
5.96
431
9293
8835
nickel alloy monel 400
25.941
6.69
439
10031
8830
nickel alloy monel 403 (hot-rolled)
24.811
6.38
439
9827
8860
nickel alloy monel h (cast)
26.778
7.19
439
9988
8480
nickel alloy monel k (annealed)
17.74
4.91
427
8006
8465
nickel alloy monel r (hot-rolled)
25.941
6.68
439
10037
8840
nickel alloy monel s (cast)
19.665
5.36
439
8498
8360
nickel alloy monel weldable alloy
26.778
7.06
439
10076
8630
nickel alloy multimet (n-155) (low c)
16.318
4.57
435
7637
8215
nickel alloy multimet (n-155) (wrought)
12.97
3.63
435
6809
8215
nickel alloy nichrome v (Ni80 Cr20)
13.389
3.72
431
6946
8360
nickel alloy nimonic 100
11.297
3.07
460
6449
8000
nickel alloy nimonic 105
10.878
2.96
460
6324
7990
nickel alloy nimonic 75
12.97
3.38
460
7060
8350
nickel alloy nimonic 80
11.715
3.09
460
6669
8250
nickel alloy nimonic 80a
11.715
3.43
418
6328
8170
nickel alloy nimonic 90
12.552
3.53
431
6681
8250
nickel alloy nimonic 95
11.255
3.03
460
6461
8060
nickel alloy nimonic ds
14.226
3.91
460
7196
7910
nickel alloy permanickel
57.739
14.9
444
14969
8750
nickel alloy rene 41
10.334
2.97
423
5995
8230
nickel alloy udimet 500 (wrought)
10.878
3.08
439
6202
8050
nickel alloy waspalloy
11.297
3.29
418
6226
8200
nickel iron alloy invar (Fe64 Ni36)
10.878
2.64
515
6692
8000
nickel oxide (NiO) (polyxtal 68-74 d)
9.832
3.26
603
5442
5000
nickel oxide (nio) (polyxtal 88-100 d)
12.97
3.36
603
7072
6400
nickel oxide (NiO) (single xtal)
46.024
11.2
603
13742
6810
nickel zinc ferrite (Ni(Zn)O.Fe2O3)
3.724
1.31
607
3259
4700
niobium
50.208
21.9
268
10735
8570
niobium alloy (Nb61 Ta28 W10 Zr0.5)
44.769
20.8
201
9808
10700
niobium alloy (Nb80 W15 Mo5)
50.208
21.2
247
10909
9600
niobium alloy (Nb85 Ti10 Zr5)
29.288
14.8
255
7621
7770
niobium alloy (Nb95 Ta5)
44.769
19.8
251
10056
9000
niobium beryllide (Nb2Be17)
31.38
10.7
921
9614
3200
niobium beryllide (NbBe12) (hp 93-97d)
23.012
7.44
1105
8438
2800
niobium boride (NbB2) (pressed sntrd)
16.736
5.88
418
6900
6800
niobium carbide (NbC)
33.472
12.4
356
9511
7600
niobium nitride (Nb2N)
7.95
2.97
322
4614
8310
niobium nitride (NbN)
4.184
1.25
402
3748
8360
niobium silicide (NbSi2)
41.84
17.2
460
10092
5290
nitric acid
0.29
0.096
2000
935.9
1510
nitrile rubber
0.243
0.12
1966
691
1000
nitrocellulose h.e. (12.7 n)
0.23
0.12
1255
676
1580
nitrogen (gas)
0.026
19.6
1042
6
1.251
nobelium
12.552
8.34
126
4348
12000
norway pine wood (across grain)
0.151
0.12
2301
437
550
nylon 6 11 66 610 (polycaprolactam)
0.243
0.14
1527
644
1120
nylon glass filled
0.209
0.11
1339
626
1400
oak red black wood (across grain)
0.146
0.1
2385
462
610
oak white live wood (across grain)
0.209
0.11
2385
642
825
obsidian glass
1.372
0.76
753
1575
2400
octane
0.15
0.1016
2100
470.6
703
oil (mineral transformer oil)
0.126
0.07
1860
454
880
oil (motor oil 10W30)
0.158
0.09
1990
519
856
olive oil
0.171
0.09
1970
557
920
oregon pine wood (across grain)
0.113
0.1
2301
364
510
orthoclase (K2O.Al2O3.6SiO2) (crystal)
4.184
1.28
1255
3695
2600
osmium
85.772
29.3
130
15846
22570
oxygen (gas)
0.026
23.2
795
5
1.429
palladium
76.149
27.5
243
14515
11400
parafin oil
0.151
0.09
1970
488
800
particle board (high density)
0.17
0.1381
1300
1000
470
particle board (low density)
0.078
0.1017
1300
590
240
pbx-9011 h.e. (hmx 90 estane 10)
0.431
0.21
1172
946
1770
pbx-9404-03 h.e. (hmx 94 nc 3 bind 3)
0.427
0.23
1004
887
1836
pentane
0.14
0.1026
2180
437.1
626
petn h.e.
0.209
0.07
1674
785
1760
phenol-formaldehyde + phenol-furfural
0.209
0.1
1674
670
1280
phenolic cast asbestos filler
0.351
0.17
1255
866
1700
phenolic cast no filler
0.167
0.09
1464
567
1310
phenolic molded (high density k)
0.674
0.18
1255
1593
3000
phenolic molded (low density k)
0.172
0.11
1255
517
1240
phenolic resin pressed (types 40, 50)
0.377
0.22
1255
808
1380
phenoxy
0.176
0.08
1674
606
1250
phosphorus (white)
4.184
3.1
741
2375
1820
pine wood (with grain)
0.343
0.27
2301
659
550
plaster building (molded dry)
0.431
0.32
1088
766
1250
plastic laminate various types
0.209
0.09
1255
687
1800
platinum
69.036
24.1
134
14065
21400
plutonium
8.201
3.19
134
4592
19200
plutonium alloy (delta phase)
7.071
3.35
134
3862
15750
plutonium carbide (PuC) (arcm or cast)
7.113
2.86
184
4204
13500
plutonium nitride (PuN)
13.807
5.15
188
6087
14250
plutonium phosphide (PuP) (90 pc dense)
5.439
2.39
230
3518
9890
plutonium sulfide
9.623
3.95
230
4842
10590
polonium
1.674
1.48
121
1376
9320
polyallomer
0.126
0.07
2092
486
900
polycarbonate various fillers
0.192
0.09
1674
660
1350
polyester glass fiber reinforced tac
0.176
0.13
1130
494
1230
polyethylene (high density)
0.502
0.23
2301
1048
950
polyethylene (low density)
0.331
0.17
2092
798
920
polyethylene (medium density)
0.414
0.19
2301
944
935
polyimide h-film kapton
1.13
0.7
1130
1346
1420
polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)
0.209
0.12
1464
601
1180
polypropylene copolymer
0.126
0.06
2343
517
910
polypropylene filled
0.18
0.07
1925
663
1270
polypropylene moplin
0.134
0.08
1925
484
910
polystyrene prefoamed rigid dow q103
0.042
0.93
1130
43
40
polystyrene (modified)
0.084
0.06
1339
348
1080
polystyrene foam
0.026
0.5
1130
37
46
polystyrene foamed-in-place (rigid)
0.035
0.31
1130
63
100
polysulfone
0.259
0.17
1255
638
1250
polyurethane foam flexible
0.042
0.4
1757
66
60
polyurethane foamed-in-place (rigid)
0.032
0.49
1674
47
40
polyurethane rubber elastomer l-100
0.293
0.14
1674
783
1250
polyvinyl alcohol
0.795
0.51
1255
1117
1250
polyvinyl butyral
0.084
0.05
1674
393
1100
polyvinyl carbazole
0.155
0.1
1297
487
1180
polyvinyl chloride flexible
0.167
0.07
1674
648
1500
polyvinyl chloride acytate flexible
0.167
0.08
1674
580
1200
polyvinyl chloride acytate rigid
0.167
0.12
1004
485
1400
polyvinyl chloride rigid
0.251
0.18
1004
594
1400
polyvinyl tpx-r
0.167
0.09
2176
550
830
polyvinylidene chloride
0.126
0.06
1339
535
1700
polyvinylidene chloride film
0.126
0.06
1339
531
1680
polyvinylidene fluoride (kynar)
0.126
0.05
1381
552
1760
porcelain 576
11.297
4.41
753
5378
3400
porcelain ordinary
2.092
0.82
753
2314
3400
potassium
97.069
150
753
7938
862
potassium (liquid)
62.342
92.7
820
6475
820
potassium alum (K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O)
2.092
0.75
1548
2414
1800
potassium aluminum silicate (orthoclase)
4.184
1.28
1255
3695
2600
potassium bromide (KBr 50)
2.51
2
531
1774
2360
potassium bromide (KBr 75 KCl 25)
2.092
1.72
477
1595
2550
potassium bromide (KBr 90 KCl 10)
2.887
2.42
448
1854
2660
potassium bromide (KBr)
3.807
3.18
435
2134
2750
potassium bromide (KBr) (single xtal)
4.812
4.02
435
2399
2750
potassium chloride (KCl 50)
2.51
2
531
1774
2360
potassium chloride (KCl 50)
7.113
4.46
770
3367
2070
potassium chloride (KCl 75 KBr 25)
3.305
2.56
598
2067
2160
potassium chloride (KCl 90 KBr 10)
5.021
3.78
649
2584
2050
potassium chloride (KCl)
8.368
6.16
686
3372
1980
potassium chloride (KCl) (sylvite xtal)
6.987
5.12
686
3089
1990
potassium chromate (K2O.2CrO3) (m axis)
1.715
0.7
921
2057
2680
potassium chromate (K2O.2CrO3) (s axis)
2.092
0.85
921
2272
2680
potassium ferrocyanide (K4Fe(Cn)6.3H2O)
1.715
0.82
1130
1894
1850
potassium fluoride (KG|F)
7.113
3.33
862
3899
2480
potassium iodide (KI)
2.887
3.02
305
1661
3130
potassium nitrate (KNO3) (pr 8000 kb)
2.092
1.19
837
1921
2109
praseodymium
11.715
8.76
197
3957
6800
praseodymium boride (PrB6) (95 pc dens)
41.003
14.2
628
10880
4600
promethium
12.552
9.26
188
4125
7200
propane
0.13
0.097
2140
417.4
581
propylene (propene)
0.11
0.0817
2200
384.8
612
propylene glycol
0.2
0.0691
2790
760.8
1036
protactinium
12.552
7.11
115
4707
15400
pyrex glass
1.13
0.7
728
1351
2220
pyroceram 9606 (ceramic glass)
3.975
1.95
782
2844
2600
pyroceram 9608 (glass ceramic)
2.05
1.02
808
2034
2500
pyrophyllite (parallel to bedding)
4.77
2.04
837
3343
2800
pyrophyllite (perpend. to bedding)
2.427
1.04
837
2385
2800
quartz crystal (silicon oxide) a axis (SiO2)
6.485
3.25
753
3598
2650
quartz crystal c axis (SiO2)
11.715
5.87
753
4835
2650
quartz flour fine (dry)
0.167
0.26
745
331
880
quartz flour fine (H2O 21 pc)
2.218
0.83
1464
2431
1820
quartz powder coarse (H2O 24)
1.13
0.38
1590
1833
1870
r12 (dichlorofluoromethane)
0.07
0.0531
886
303.8
1488
r134a (tetrafluoroethane)
0.1
0.0566
1280
420.3
1380
r410a
0.17
0.0921
1368
560.2
1350
radium
12.552
22.1
113
2668
5000
radon gas
0.004
4.59
94
2
9.73
rattan
4.184
0.52
540
5820
15000
rhenium
60.668
20.9
138
13264
21000
rhodium
150.62
50.1
243
21291
12400
rock or stone (average properties)
1.757
0.81
837
1955
2600
rubber dielectric mix
0.209
0.09
2092
694
1100
rubber high k
0.293
0.13
2092
821
1100
rubber natural
0.138
0.07
2092
518
930
rubber natural foam
0.042
0.2
2092
94
100
rubidium
50.208
88.9
377
5326
1500
rubidium (liquid)
29.288
51.6
385
4078
1475
rubidium chloride (RbCl)
2.092
1.73
431
1589
2800
rubidium iodide (RbI)
3.305
3.97
234
1658
3550
ruthenium
104.6
36.6
234
17291
12200
samarium
12.552
9.3
180
4115
7500
samarium boride (SmB6) (96.8 pc dense)
13.807
4.49
628
6516
4900
samarium sulfide (sms)
3.766
2.14
293
2575
6010
sand (dry) (avg prop)
0.335
0.28
753
635
1600
sand northway (H2O 4-10) (avg prop)
0.837
0.59
837
1091
1700
sandstone (avg prop)
2.51
1.13
962
2357
2300
sandstone (high density)
4.184
1.67
962
3235
2600
sandstone (low density)
1.841
0.87
962
1974
2200
sapphire – aluminum oxide (Al2O3) (polyxtal 100 d)
38.493
12.4
778
10919
3980
sapphire – aluminum oxide (Al2O3) (single xtal)
43.932
14.2
778
11665
3980
scandium
12.552
7.58
552
4560
3000
selenium (grey)
0.753
0.49
322
1078
4790
shale (avg prop)
1.674
0.83
837
1833
2400
siliceous brick (SiO2 89 Al2O3 9)
0.937
0.65
753
1167
1930
siliceous fireclay brick (23 p)
1.088
0.72
753
1280
2000
silicon
125.52
76.6
703
14338
2330
silicon boride (SiB4)
9.832
3.82
1046
5030
2460
silicon carbide (SiC) (brick Al2O3 1.7)
11.715
6.89
678
4464
2510
silicon carbide (SiC) (carbofrax brick)
21.757
11.9
678
6310
2700
silicon carbide (SiC) (foam in vacuum)
0.105
0.34
678
181
460
silicon carbide (SiC) (frit bnd brick)
46.024
25.2
678
9178
2700
silicon carbide (SiC) (kt grade)
179.91
85.6
678
19443
3100
silicon carbide (SiC) (nitride bonded)
41.84
23.2
678
8685
2660
silicon carbide (SiC) (powder in air)
0.251
0.23
678
519
1585
silicon carbide (SiC) (powder)
0.69
0.64
678
861
1585
silicon carbide (SiC) (refractory d-30)
41.84
22.9
678
8750
2700
silicon carbide (SiC) (rextal 65-70d)
18.41
13.1
678
5082
2070
silicon carbide (SiC) (rextal 80-100d)
51.882
26.4
678
10099
2900
silicon carbide (SiC) (single xtal)
87.864
40.4
678
13826
3210
silicon carbide (SiC) (single xtal)
489.53
225
678
32636
3210
silicon carbide (SiC) (slf bnd he atm)
167.36
79.7
678
18752
3100
silicon carbide + si (SiC 76 Si 24)
60.668
29
837
11266
2500
silicon nitride (Si3N4) (70 pc dense)
1.548
1.02
690
1533
2200
silicon nitride (Si3N4) (85 pc dense)
7.95
4.11
690
3920
2800
silicon oxide (SiO2) (foam 1 atm air)
0.055
0.46
745
81
160
silicon oxide (SiO2) (quartz c axis)
11.715
5.87
753
4835
2650
silicon telluride (site)
6.276
4.78
335
2870
3920
silicone molded various fillers
0.167
0.09
1046
561
1800
silicone DMS-10
0.11
0.06
1800
434
950
silicone foam flexible (lrl)
0.167
0.5
1339
237
250
silicone foam rigid various
0.084
0.21
1339
183
300
silicone rubber (medium k)
0.335
0.21
1255
739
1300
silicone rubber (rtv 521 and 093-009)
0.272
0.16
1255
691
1400
silicone rubber high k
0.753
0.46
1255
1108
1300
silicone rubber low k
0.138
0.08
1255
475
1300
sillimanite brick (22 pc porosity)
1.464
0.89
711
1551
2310
silver
426.77
172
236
32520
10500
silver (liquid)
251.04
93.5
289
25962
9300
silver alloys sterling and coin
359.82
137
251
30795
10500
silver antimony telluride (SnTe 25 pc)
0.983
0.72
209
1156
6500
silver chloride (AgCl) (single crystal)
1.134
0.57
356
1497
5560
silver selenide (Ag2Se)
0.837
0.37
280
1370
8000
slate (avg prop)
1.883
0.82
837
2085
2760
snow (fresh)
0.105
0.5
2092
148
100
snow (packed)
0.469
0.41
2092
734
550
soda plate glass
1.213
0.65
753
1511
2500
soda-lime glass
1.339
0.77
753
1523
2300
sodium
133.89
114
1213
12551
970
sodium (liquid)
84.517
65.8
1381
10419
930
sodium bromide (NaBr)
2.51
1.54
510
2026
3203
sodium chlorate (NaClO3) (crystal)
1.13
0.49
921
1609
2490
sodium chloride (NaCl 50)
7.113
4.46
770
3367
2070
sodium chloride (NaCl) (clear crystal)
8.159
4.33
870
3921
2165
sodium chloride (NaCl) (opaque impure)
5.523
2.93
870
3226
2165
sodium fluoride (NaF)
10.502
3.69
1113
5468
2558
soil (av props)
0.837
0.62
1046
1067
1300
soil clay (wet)
1.506
0.34
2929
2572
1500
soil loam (dry) (avg prop)
0.251
0.25
837
502
1200
soil loam (H2O 4-27 pc)
0.418
0.25
1046
837
1600
soil sandy (H2O 8)
0.586
0.33
1004
1014
1750
soil sandy dry
0.264
0.2
795
588
1650
solder – tin alloy (Pb39.2 Sn60.8)
50.208
30
197
9160
8500
solder (Pb50 Sn50)
46.024
24.3
213
9344
8890
sp-1 polyimide resin (vespel)
0.35
0.25
1130
1430
752
spinel (MgO.Al2O3) (single crystal)
14.226
4.87
812
6447
3600
spruce wood (across grain)
0.126
0.24
1255
254
410
spruce wood (with grain)
0.23
0.45
1255
344
410
steam (H2O) (gas) (1 atm)
0.023
19.9
1966
5
0.598
steatite – magnesium silicate (MgO.SiO2) (commercial grades)
3.347
1.33
837
2899
3000
steel stainless 446
22.928
6.56
460
8955
7600
steel stainless cf (cast)
16.108
4.14
502
7917
7750
steel alloy 8620 (cast)
46.024
12.8
460
12878
7830
steel alloy and mild (4130 4340)
41.84
10.8
502
12760
7750
steel carbon type 1020 (0.2 – 0.6 c)
71.128
19.7
460
16040
7860
steel free cutting eutectoid
46.024
12.8
460
12878
7830
steel high speed (m1 m10 m-2 ti)
35.564
9.42
460
11585
8200
steel multimet (n-155) (wrought)
12.97
3.63
435
6809
8215
steel stainless (Cr 12-13 Ni 0-3)
23.43
7.01
431
8847
7750
steel stainless (Cr 16-26 Ni 8-36)
14.644
3.65
502
7670
8000
steel stainless 17-4ph
14.644
5.65
335
6163
7750
steel stainless 17-7ph
16.736
6.58
335
6525
7600
steel stainless 19-9dl
13.389
3.42
502
7241
7800
steel stainless 201 and 202
16.318
4.22
502
7943
7700
steel stainless 304
14.644
3.68
502
7631
7920
steel stainless 316
13.53
3.598
470
7230
8230
steel stainless 321 and 347
13.807
3.79
460
7094
7920
steel stainless 430 430f and 431
16.736
4.69
460
7726
7750
steel stainless 501 and 502
37.656
10.5
460
11626
7800
steel stainless ca15 ca40 (cast)
25.104
7.17
460
9376
7610
steel stainless cb30 cc50 (cast)
21.757
5.76
502
9070
7530
steel stainless ck ch hi (cast)
14.226
3.67
502
7431
7730
steel stainless cn-7m (cast)
20.92
5.65
460
8798
8040
steel stainless ha (cast)
29.288
7.56
502
10655
7720
steel stainless hc hd (cast)
30.962
8.17
502
10834
7550
steel stainless he (cast)
17.154
3.81
586
8785
7680
steel stainless hf (cast)
23.012
5.91
502
9463
7750
steel stainless hh hl hk (cast)
18.828
4.85
502
8548
7730
steel stainless ht (cast)
19.665
5.37
460
8487
7960
steel stainless hu (cast)
15.481
4.19
460
7564
8030
steel stainless hw (cast)
13.389
3.57
460
7086
8150
steel stainless series 300
14.644
3.65
502
7670
8000
steel stainless series 400
23.43
7.01
431
8847
7750
steel ultra high strength type 300-m
57.739
16.5
448
14236
7840
strontium
83.68
107
301
8095
2600
strontium sulfate (SrSO4) (crystal)
1.799
0.78
586
2043
3960
strontium titanate (SrO.TiO2) (100 d)
5.858
2.14
536
4004
5110
strontium titanate (SrO.TiO2) (80 d)
2.594
1.21
536
2357
4000
strontium titanate + co (co 10)
4.602
1.67
502
3565
5500
strontium titanate + co (Co 20)
6.276
2.16
502
4275
5800
strontium titanate + co (co 30)
6.694
2.15
502
4565
6200
strontium titanate + co (co 40)
10.46
3.16
502
5888
6600
styrene-butadiene rubber + carbon black
0.243
0.14
1757
653
1000
sulfur
0.276
0.19
711
627
2000
sulfur dioxide (SO2) (gas)
0.009
5.08
636
4
2.927
sulfuric acid
0.5
0.1941
1400
1134.9
1840
talc
2.971
1.31
816
2600
2790
tantalum
71.128
31
138
12769
16600
tantalum alloy (Ta62 Nb30 V7.5)
27.196
20.1
117
6067
11550
tantalum alloy (Ta89 W9 HF2)
40.585
26
92
7958
16950
tantalum alloy (Ta90 W10)
54.392
24
134
11114
16960
tantalum alloy (Ta98 Cu0.7 Zr0.7)
41.84
18.2
138
9811
16660
tantalum alloy (Ta99.5 Nb0.5)
45.187
19.8
138
10147
16500
tantalum antimonide (TaSb)
18.828
8.03
167
6643
14000
tantalum beryllide (ta2be17)
29.288
6.67
879
11343
5000
tantalum beryllide (TaBe12) (hp)
41.84
13.2
774
11523
4100
tantalum boride (TaB)
117.15
46.3
209
17220
12100
tantalum boride (TaB2)
86.19
31.8
226
15285
12000
tantalum carbide (TaC)
22.175
8.32
190
7688
14000
tantalum carbide + wc cermet k601
66.944
20.9
209
14638
15300
tantalum nitride (Ta2N)
10.46
5.26
126
4563
15860
tantalum nitride (tan)
7.95
2.7
205
4838
14360
tantalum silicide (TaSi2)
37.028
13.4
314
10129
8830
tatb h.e. (triamino-trinitro-benzene)
0.799
0.41
1047
1254
1880
teak wood (across grain)
0.142
0.12
2301
420
540
teak wood (across grain)
0.172
0.12
2301
503
640
technicium
12.552
4.5
243
5919
11500
teflon
0.251
0.12
1004
740
2170
teflon reinforced
0.414
0.21
975
896
1990
tellurium
3.347
2.67
201
2048
6240
terbium
8.368
5.56
182
3549
8250
terbium boride (TbB6) (94.3 pc dense)
20.083
6.4
628
7939
5000
tetradecafluorohexane
0.057
0.0308
1100
324.8
1680
tetryl h.e.
0.286
0.13
1255
783
1710
thallium
38.911
25.3
130
7733
11850
thallium (liquid)
24.686
14.5
151
6479
11290
thorium
38.493
28.1
117
7259
11680
thorium boride (ThB4)
15.899
3.81
494
8144
8450
thorium boride (ThB6)
43.095
10.1
628
13562
6800
thorium carbide (ThC) (80 pc dense)
8.786
6.03
172
3579
8500
thorium carbide (ThC2) (69 pc dense)
24.476
16.7
222
5986
6600
thorium oxide (ThO2) (96-100 pc dense)
11.715
5.21
234
5133
9600
thulium
8.368
5.63
160
3526
9300
tin
61.086
37
226
10044
7310
tin (liquid)
33.472
20.1
243
7460
6850
tin oxide (SnO2) (93-95 pc dense)
31.38
16.5
343
7737
5560
tin telluride (snte 60 agsbte2 40)
1.778
1.31
209
1555
6500
tin telluride (snte 80 agsbte2 20)
2.594
1.91
209
1878
6500
titanium
20.92
8.89
523
7017
4500
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Al4 Mo3 V1)
7.531
3.2
523
4210
4500
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Al4 Zr3.5)
7.531
3.2
523
4210
4500
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Al5 Sn2.5)
7.113
2.92
544
4163
4480
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Al6 V4)
7.113
3.06
523
4069
4450
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Al8 Mo1 v1)
5.858
2.46
544
3731
4370
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Cr3.4 Mo2.1)
16.318
6.78
523
6266
4600
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Sn4.8 Al4.5)
7.531
3.2
523
4210
4500
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Al2 Mn2)
9.623
3.93
544
4853
4500
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Al4 Cu2 Zr2)
9.205
3.76
544
4746
4500
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Al4 Cu4 Sn2)
7.95
3.38
523
4325
4500
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Al4 V1 Mo0.6)
8.368
3.42
544
4526
4500
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Al4 V2 Mo1)
8.368
3.42
544
4526
4500
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Al4 V3 Mo1.5)
7.95
3.25
544
4411
4500
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Al5 Sn5 Zr5)
7.95
3.44
502
4285
4600
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Sn5.5 Al2)
9.205
3.83
523
4706
4600
titanium alloy (Ti Bal V14 Cr10 Al4)
7.95
2.96
527
4623
5100
titanium alloy (Ti Bal V15 Al2.8)
8.368
3.31
527
4602
4800
titanium alloy (Ti Bal Zr3 Al2)
9.958
4.14
523
4895
4600
titanium alloy c100m (rc130a) (mn7.9)
10.878
4.54
523
5105
4580
titanium alloy hylite 40
7.531
3.06
544
4303
4520
titanium alloy hylite 50 (imi550)
7.531
3.13
523
4257
4600
titanium alloy hylite 51 (imi551)
6.694
2.78
523
4013
4600
titanium alloy hylite 55 (imi)
7.531
3.03
523
4330
4760
titanium alloy hylite 60 (imi)
7.531
3.1
523
4280
4650
titanium alloy hylite 65 (imi)
7.531
3.08
523
4293
4680
titanium alloy imi 679 (sn11 zr5 al2)
6.694
2.87
481
3949
4840
titanium alloy imi 680 (Sn11 Mo4 Al2)
7.113
3.05
481
4070
4840
titanium alloy ti140a (Fe2 Cr2 Mo2)
11.715
4.87
523
5309
4600
titanium alloy ti150a (Cr2.7 Fe1.4)
15.899
6.36
544
6307
4600
titanium alloy ti155a (Al5 Fe2 Cr1 Mo1)
8.368
3.42
544
4526
4500
titanium beryllide (tibe12) (hp 95d)
23.849
7.62
1423
8641
2200
titanium boride (TiB2) (hp 95 pc dens)
25.104
8.72
669
8501
4300
titanium carbide (TiC) (93 pc dense)
16.318
6.29
569
6507
4560
titanium carbide (TiC) (96 pc dense)
31.38
11.6
569
9200
4740
titanium carbide + co (Co18 NbC TaC15)
31.38
10.5
544
9689
5500
titanium carbide + co (TiC 80 Co 20)
35.564
12.1
544
10239
5420
titanium carbide + nbc + ni
33.472
11.2
544
10006
5500
titanium carbide + ni or co (avg prop)
29.288
10.6
460
8993
6000
titanium carbide cermet k138a
26.359
8.65
544
8960
5600
titanium carbide cermet k151a
22.594
7.16
544
8442
5800
titanium carbide cermet k161b
23.43
6.22
628
9393
6000
titanium carbide cermet k162b
19.246
5.9
544
7925
6000
titanium carbide cermet k163b1
19.665
5.74
544
8209
6300
titanium carbide cermet k164b
20.083
5.6
544
8491
6600
titanium carbide cermet k165
17.154
5.53
544
7293
5700
titanium nitride (TiN) (hp 70-90 dens)
25.104
9.26
603
8250
4500
titanium oxide (TiO2) (rutile a axis)
8.786
3.01
686
5062
4250
titanium oxide (TiO2) (rutile c axis)
13.389
4.59
686
6249
4250
titanium oxide (TiOS2) (rutile 100 d)
8.954
3.07
686
5110
4250
tnt h.e. (2 4 6-trinitrotoluene) (cast)
0.26
0.12
1372
744
1550
toluene
0.151
0.1
1720
475
867
torlon (PAI)
0.54
0.381
970
875
1460
tourmaline
4.602
1.77
837
3455
3100
tritium (gas)
0.096
75.4
4728
11
0.27
tungsten
196.65
76.1
134
22543
19300
tungsten alloy (W75 Re25)
64.852
24.6
134
13079
19700
tungsten alloy (W90 Ni6 Cu2-4)
77.404
34.6
134
13156
16700
tungsten boride (WB)
4.602
1.64
176
3597
16000
tungsten carbide (WC)
41.84
14.6
184
10962
15600
tungsten carbide cermet ca2 tool steel
54.392
18.6
209
12622
14000
tungsten carbide cermet ca4 tool steel
112.97
38.6
209
18190
14000
tungsten carbide cermet carboloy 883
100.42
32.1
209
17722
14950
tungsten carbide cermet carboloy 905
100.42
31.8
209
17811
15100
tungsten carbide cermet carboloy 999
121.34
38
209
19675
15250
tungsten carbide cermet k6 and k96
100.42
32.2
209
17692
14900
tungsten carbide cermet k701
53.974
18.4
209
12573
14000
tungsten carbide cermet k801 (WC + Ni)
82.006
26.5
209
15934
14800
tungsten carbide cermet k92
74.057
25.7
209
14622
13800
tungsten carbide cermet k94 and k1
91.63
31.1
209
16440
14100
tungsten oxide (Wo3) (polyxtal. porous)
25.104
11.3
310
7460
7160
tungsten selenide (WSe2)
3.431
1.52
226
2784
10000
tungsten silicide (WSi2) (hp 95 dense)
40.585
14
308
10838
9400
tungsten telluride (wte2)
1.59
0.75
176
1831
12000
tungsten titanium carbide k21
44.35
9.57
377
14333
12300
tungsten titanium carbide k2s
52.718
10.9
377
16003
12900
tungsten titanium carbide k4h
46.861
9.96
377
14853
12500
tungsten titanium carbide k5h
35.564
8.21
377
12411
11500
tungsten titanium carbide k81
42.677
9.77
377
13654
11600
tungsten titanium carbide k84
53.137
12.1
377
15301
11700
tungsten titanium carbide k86 k7h k3h
28.033
6.71
377
10825
11100
tungsten titanium carbide km
59.831
12.3
377
17049
12900
udmh (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine)
0.16
0.0764
2650
578.9
790
uranium
26.443
11.8
117
7694
19100
uranium alloy (U82 Zr18)
10.878
4.61
167
5067
14100
uranium alloy (U90 FS10)
15.062
6.54
134
5890
17200
uranium alloy (U90 Mo10)
12.343
5.34
134
5339
17250
uranium alloy (U93 Fs5 Zr2)
20.083
9.09
126
6660
17600
uranium alloy (U94.4 Cr5.6) (eutectic)
28.451
13.9
111
7626
18500
uranium alloy (U95 Zr5)
18.828
8.57
126
6430
17500
uranium alloy (U96 Nb4)
22.803
10.3
126
7117
17700
uranium alloy (U97 fs3)
21.338
9.29
126
7000
18300
uranium alloy (U98.5 Zr1.5)
22.594
10.4
117
7018
18600
uranium alloy mulberry
10.46
4.33
146
5027
16500
uranium beryllide (UBe13) (sntrd 61d)
20.92
9.26
837
6875
2700
uranium boride (UB4)
5.021
1.07
502
4863
9380
uranium carbide (UC) (arcm or cast 99d)
20.083
7.28
203
7444
13600
uranium carbide (UC) (avg)
23.849
8.71
203
8082
13500
uranium carbide (UC) (sintered 90d)
17.364
6.96
203
6583
12300
uranium carbide (UC2)
33.472
12.6
234
9414
11300
uranium nitride (UN) (hp 95-98 dense)
13.807
5.31
188
5990
13800
uranium oxide (U3O8) (prsd at 100 psi)
0.297
0.14
276
810
8000
uranium oxide (U3O8) (prsd at 4200 psi)
0.544
0.24
276
1116
8300
uranium oxide (UO2) (polyxtal 97 dens)
10.042
3.9
243
5083
10600
uranium oxide (UO2) (single crystal)
10.46
3.93
243
5275
10960
uranium oxide + cr (UO2 8Ovol) (97 d)
15.899
4.75
335
7295
10000
uranium oxide + mo (UO2 70 vol) (92 d)
20.083
6
335
8199
10000
uranium oxide + mo (UO2 😯 vol) (91 d)
13.807
4.13
335
6798
10000
uranium oxide + mo (UO2 😯 vol) (94 d)
18.41
5.5
335
7850
10000
uranium oxide + nb (UO2 80 vol)
9.623
2.88
335
5675
10000
uranium oxide + st steel (UO2 70 vol)
7.95
2.38
335
5158
10000
uranium oxide + st steel (UO2 80 vol)
6.276
1.88
335
4583
10000
uranium oxide + zr (UO2 43 Zr 57)(59 p)
13.389
12.9
259
3727
4000
uranium oxide + zr (UO2 80 Zr 20)
10.878
5.15
243
4795
8710
uranium plutonium oxide (4UO2.PuO2)
7.615
2.73
264
4613
10600
uranium silicide (U3Si)
16.736
6.17
176
6740
15450
urea-formaldehyde molded
0.126
0.05
1674
561
1500
urea-formaldehyde alpha cellulose fllr
0.377
0.15
1674
972
1500
vanadium
30.794
11
460
9298
6100
vanadium beryllide (VBe12) (85 pc dens)
30.962
11.1
1464
9280
1900
vanadium boride (vb2)
56.902
17
661
13810
5070
vanadium carbide (VC)
36.401
12.5
519
10284
5600
vanadium nitride (VN)
12.134
3.4
586
6585
6100
vegetable oil
0.15
0.0833
2000
519.7
900
vermiculite brick
0.167
0.41
837
261
485
vermiculite expanded
0.069
0.31
753
125
300
vermiculite expanded
0.071
0.43
753
109
220
vermiculite insulating powder
0.121
0.54
837
166
270
vycor glass
1.339
0.82
745
1478
2190
water (H2O) (liquid)
0.603
0.14
4184
1588
1000
water (H2O) (solid – ice)
2.092
0.54
4217
2844
917
water heavy (d2o) (liquid)
0.561
0.12
4205
1610
1100
white fir wood (across grain)
0.109
0.11
2301
336
450
white pine wood (across grain)
0.13
0.11
2301
398
530
window glass – lime
1.318
0.71
753
1569
2480
wood maple (across grain)
0.176
0.11
2301
536
710
xenon
0.006
6.27
159
2
5.887
ytterbium
8.368
8.05
149
2949
7000
ytterbium boride (YbB6) (90.6 pc dense)
25.104
8
628
8876
5000
yttrium
12.552
9.59
293
4054
4470
yttrium boride (YB6) (98.4 pc dense)
29.288
13
628
8135
3600
yttrium oxide (Y2O3) (96-100 pc dense)
14.226
6.36
448
5643
5000
zilloy 15
104.6
36.3
402
17369
7180
zinc
111.71
40.2
389
17617
7140
zinc (liquid)
59.413
17.4
502
14243
6800
zinc alloy astm b69
107.53
38.3
393
17377
7140
zinc antimonide (ZnSb)
2.343
1.37
272
2004
6300
zinc ferrite (ZnO.Fe2O3)
4.017
1.29
586
3541
5330
zinc oxide (ZnO)
27.196
9.78
494
8694
5630
zinc sulfide (ZnS) (cubic crystal)
25.941
13.4
473
7091
4100
zinc-aluminum alloy astm 23
112.97
40.9
418
17662
6600
zinc-aluminum-copper alloy astm 25
108.78
38.8
418
17463
6700
zircon porcelain (high k)
5.858
2.56
586
3658
3900
zirconium
31.38
17
285
7618
6500
zirconium alloy 3zi (Zr97 Al1 Sn1 Mo1)
8.368
4.55
285
3922
6460
zirconium alloys zircalloy 2 and 3
13.807
7.19
293
5151
6560
zirconium beryllide (ZrBe13)
39.748
12.7
1138
11153
2750
zirconium boride (ZrB2) (hp 97 pc den)
25.104
10.2
418
7872
5900
zirconium carbide (ZrC) (hp or snt 94d)
33.472
15.2
368
8599
6000
zirconium hydride (ZrH + ZrH2)
18.41
9.44
310
5992
6300
zirconium nitride (ZrN)
8.786
3.36
385
4796
6800
zirconium nitride (ZrN) (pr sr 88-90 d)
10.46
4.18
385
5116
6500
zirconium oxide (Y2O3 12 Zr 8) (97 d)
2.469
1.02
439
2442
5500
zirconium oxide (ZrO2 96 CaO 6 91 d)
1.59
0.69
456
1919
5080
zirconium oxide (ZrO2) (monoc. 100 d)
1.849
0.73
456
2166
5560
zirconium oxide + ti cermet zt-15-m
6.276
2.48
444
3983
5700
zirconium silicate (ZrO2.SiO2) (100 d)
6.276
2.51
544
3963
4600
zirconium silicate (ZrO2.SiO2) (single crystal)
4.184
1.67
544
3235
4600

Regardless of whether you’re an experienced professional or a student aiming to broaden your understanding, the Materials Thermal Properties Database is your primary source for all thermophysical property requirements.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What is the significance of thermal conductivity in building design?
Thermal conductivity is a critical material property in building design as it affects the rate of heat transfer through building envelopes, HVAC systems, and other components. Accurate knowledge of thermal conductivity enables designers to optimize building insulation, reduce heat losses, and improve overall energy efficiency. In HVAC systems, thermal conductivity influences the performance of heat exchangers, pipes, and other equipment.
How does specific heat capacity impact HVAC system design?

Specific heat capacity is a crucial property in HVAC system design as it determines the amount of energy required to change the temperature of a material. In HVAC systems, specific heat capacity affects the sizing of heating and cooling coils, the performance of heat pumps, and the calculation of heating and cooling loads. Accurate values of specific heat capacity ensure that HVAC systems are properly sized and optimized for efficient operation.

What is the difference between thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity?

Thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity are related but distinct thermophysical properties. Thermal diffusivity measures the rate of heat diffusion within a material, while thermal effusivity characterizes the ability of a material to exchange heat with its surroundings. Both properties are important in understanding heat transfer phenomena in buildings and HVAC systems. For example, thermal diffusivity influences the thermal response of building materials, while thermal effusivity affects the performance of heat exchangers and radiative cooling systems.

How can the Materials Thermal Properties Database be used in building information modeling (BIM)?

The Materials Thermal Properties Database can be integrated into building information modeling (BIM) software to enable accurate thermal analysis and simulation of building designs. By linking material properties to BIM objects, designers and engineers can perform detailed thermal simulations, optimize building performance, and identify opportunities for energy efficiency improvements. This integration facilitates a more streamlined and accurate design-to-operation workflow.

What is the importance of material density in HVAC system design?

Material density is a critical property in HVAC system design as it affects the weight, strength, and thermal performance of system components. In HVAC systems, material density influences the selection of materials for pipes, ducts, and equipment, as well as the calculation of pressure drops and flow rates. Accurate knowledge of material density ensures that HVAC systems are properly designed, installed, and operated.

How can the Materials Thermal Properties Database be used for research and development in HVAC and building technologies?

The Materials Thermal Properties Database provides a valuable resource for researchers and developers working on innovative HVAC and building technologies. By accessing a comprehensive collection of thermophysical properties, researchers can simulate and analyze new materials, systems, and components, accelerating the development of more efficient and sustainable building technologies. The database also enables the validation of new materials and systems against established benchmarks.

What are some common applications of thermal effusivity in HVAC and building design?

Thermal effusivity has several important applications in HVAC and building design, including the design of radiative cooling systems, thermal energy storage systems, and building façades. It also influences the performance of heat exchangers, HVAC coils, and other equipment. By understanding thermal effusivity, designers and engineers can optimize the thermal performance of buildings and HVAC systems, reducing energy consumption and improving indoor comfort.