Ingegneria e conoscenza

Fondamenti e ingegneria

Costruzione della pompa (Parte 1)

In 1689 the physicist Denis Papin invented the centrifugal pump and today this kind of pump is the most used around the world. The centrifugal pump is built on a simple principle: Liquid is led to the impeller hub and by means of the centrifugal force it is flung towards the periphery of the impellers. The construction is fairly inexpensive, robust and simple and its high speed makes it possible to connect the pump directly to an asynchronous motor.

Cos'è la corrosione?

Corrosion is usually referred to as the degradation of the metal by chemical or electrochemical reaction with its environment, see figure 1. When considered broadly, corrosion may be looked upon as the tendency of the metal to revert to its natural state similar to the oxide from which it was originally melted. Only precious metals, such as gold and platinum are found in nature in their metallic state. – Types of corrosion – Uniform corrosion – Pitting corrosion – Crevice corrosion – Intergranular corrosion – Selective corrosion – Erosion corrosion – Cavitation corrosion – Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) – Corrosion fatigue – Galvanic corrosion

Selezione delle valvole di espansione

The expansion valve regulates the amount of compressed liquid refrigerant moving into the evaporator. It removes pressure from the liquid refrigerant to allow expansion or change of state from a liquid to a gas in the evaporator. In order to properly select Expansion Valves one should pay attention to the items that we mention in this post.

Tubo d'acqua contro caldaie a tubo di fuoco

Water tube boilers and fire tube boilers are two different types of steam boilers that are commonly used in industrial and commercial applications. Both types of boilers use a system of tubes to generate steam, but they differ in the way that the tubes are arranged and the way that the hot gases from the burner pass through the tubes.

Colpo d'ariete (parte 1)

Under unfavorable circumstances, damage due to water hammer may occur in pipelines measuring more than one hundred meters and conveying only several tenths of a liter per second. But even very short, unsupported pipelines in pumping stations can be damaged by resonant vibrations if they are not properly anchored. By contrast, the phenomenon is not very common in building services systems, e.g. in heating and drinking water supply pipelines, which typically are short in length and have a small cross-section.

Refrigerazione a tubo capillare

A refrigeration capillary tube is a small, narrow tube that is used in refrigeration systems to control the flow of refrigerant. It is typically made of copper or other highly conductive metal, and is used in conjunction with a compressor, evaporator, and condenser to transfer heat from one location to another. The capillary tube is placed between the evaporator and the compressor in the refrigeration system, and it acts as a metering device to control the flow of refrigerant.

Formule e calcoli di refrigerazione

These formulas are commonly used in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning to calculate various performance parameters of a refrigeration system such as compression work, compression power, coefficient of performance, net refrigeration effect, capacity, compressor displacement, heat of compression, volumetric efficiency, and compression ratio. These formulas are based on the thermodynamics principles and are generally used to evaluate the performance of the refrigeration system and to optimize its design.

Il coefficiente di velocità (CV)

Cv, or coefficient of velocity, is a measure of the flow capacity of a valve. It represents the number of gallons per minute (GPM) of water at 60°F that will flow through a valve with a one-inch opening at a pressure drop of one pound per square inch (PSI). Cv can be calculated using various formulas, such as the one based on water at 60F and one that takes into account the specific gravity of the fluid. Cv is a theoretical value and it may vary depending on the actual conditions of the valve. When selecting a valve for a specific application, it is important to consider the Cv in relation to the flow rate and pressure drop requirements of the system, as well as other factors such as ease of maintenance, cost, and safety.

Linee guida per l'isolamento dei tubi

Pipe insulation is crucial for maintaining energy efficiency, temperature control, condensation control, noise reduction, and safety. ASHRAE provides specific thickness recommendations for different pipe sizes and temperature ranges in its standard 90.1. When selecting pipe insulation based on ASHRAE standards, it’s important to consider the temperature, pipe size, environmental considerations, fire resistance, and energy efficiency.

Tubazioni del refrigerante – parte 2

In questo post continueremo la nostra formazione completa su come dimensionare le tubazioni del refrigerante. Tratteremo tutti gli aspetti importanti di questo processo, inclusa la determinazione della dimensione del tubo, della caduta di pressione e di altri fattori. Discuteremo anche argomenti come il dimensionamento delle linee del refrigerante, la lunghezza equivalente delle linee del refrigerante e come determinare la lunghezza equivalente. Con questa formazione avrai la conoscenza e la sicurezza necessarie per dimensionare le tubazioni del refrigerante in modo accurato e corretto in qualsiasi situazione.


Standard e conformità

Design del condotto HVAC: perdita di attrito dei raccordi per condotti

Complete guide to HVAC duct fittings friction loss using Carrier standards covering loss coefficients, pressure drop calculations, and system optimization for efficient air distribution design.

Design del condotto HVAC: smorzatori, attenuatori e perdita di attrito bobine

Complete guide to HVAC dampers, attenuators, and coils friction loss using SMACNA standards covering pressure drop calculations, component selection, and system optimization for efficient air distribution design.

Design del condotto HVAC: condotto a rettangolare equivalente

Complete guide to HVAC round-to-rectangular duct equivalency using ASHRAE standards covering conversion formulas, performance considerations, and system optimization for space-constrained installations.

Design del condotto HVAC: perdita di attrito del condotto

Complete guide to HVAC duct friction loss calculations using ASHRAE standards covering friction charts, pressure drop analysis, and system optimization for efficient air distribution design.

Design del condotto HVAC: classificazione della pressione del condotto

Complete guide to HVAC duct pressure classification using SMACNA standards covering pressure class selection, construction requirements, and testing protocols for safe and efficient ductwork systems.

Design del condotto HVAC-Dimensiosi di condotti di estrazione di contaminante (fumo | grasso | gas | polvere secca e umida)

ASHRAE’s Pocket Guide lists minimum conveying velocities that keep contaminants airborne while they travel through exhaust ductwork. Table 2.9 (2013 edition, Ch. 02, pp. 60

Design del condotto HVAC: dimensionamento del condotto della cucina commerciale

Complete guide to commercial kitchen duct sizing using ASHRAE and NFPA standards covering exhaust hood design, grease management, fire safety, and make-up air systems for food service operations.

Design del condotto HVAC: dimensionamento del condotto per velocità e criteri di rumore (NC)

Complete guide to HVAC duct sizing using velocity and noise criteria with ASHRAE and CIBSE standards covering acoustic design, velocity limits, and noise control for sensitive applications.

Design del condotto HVAC: dimensionamento del condotto con un metodo di attrito uguale

Complete guide to HVAC duct sizing using the equal friction method with SMACNA and ASHRAE standards covering calculation procedures, friction rate selection, and system optimization for effective air distribution design.

Design del condotto HVAC: raccomandazioni di Smacna di dimensionamento del condotto

Complete guide to HVAC duct sizing using SMACNA recommendations covering equal friction, velocity, and static regain methods with design calculations and system optimization for effective air distribution.


Strumenti e risorse digitali

Download del software cooltools

- Analisi del ciclo (progettazione del processo) - Confronto del ciclo di espansione diretta in una fase e del ciclo allagato a una fase. - Dimensizzazione del sistema - Calcolo delle dimensioni dei componenti da criteri generali. - Simulazione del sistema - Calcolo delle condizioni operative in un sistema con componenti noti. Calcoli dei componenti - Calcolo di - Efficienze dei componenti e condizioni di outlet. - Valutazione del funzionamento - Valutazione dell'efficienza del sistema. - Indagine di processo - EG Calcoli aerei umidi.

Diagramma del pH del refrigerante (Parte 2)

Questo articolo è una continuazione del nostro vecchio articolo, che è stato ben accolto dagli utenti, quindi abbiamo deciso di aggiornare l'elenco dei diagrammi PH e fornirti un elenco più completo dei refrigeranti commerciali del mondo. È possibile accedere facilmente al grafico del refrigerante di alta qualità facendo clic sui refrigeranti elencati nella tabella.

Scarica Carrier Plv Pro

PLV PRO di Carrier è uno strumento software che autorizza gli ingegneri di consulenza a prendere decisioni oggettive e informate sulla progettazione del loro impianto refrigeratore che vanno oltre le metriche a pieno carico e IPLV. I risultati sono forniti in un rapporto professionale o in formato .CSV per ulteriori analisi. Lo strumento è per i professionisti che necessitano di un'alternativa rapida e libera alle analisi dettagliate di modellazione energetica.

Coolselector Scarica

Coolselector®2 (from Danfoss company) helps to optimize energy consumption and increase efficiency in any HVACR system. Run unbiased calculations based on a set of operating conditions — such as cooling capacity, refrigerant, evaporation, and condensation temperature — and then select the best components for your design.

Calcolatore di condensa dell'aria condizionata

La condensa dell'aria condizionata è l'acqua prodotta a seguito del processo di raffreddamento in un sistema di condizionamento dell'aria. Quando il sistema di condizionamento dell'aria raffredda l'aria in un edificio, rimuove l'umidità dall'aria, che si condensa sulle bobine fresche del sistema di condizionamento dell'aria. Questa condensa viene raccolta e drenata attraverso un tubo di scarico della condensa. L'acqua che viene raccolta nel drenaggio della condensa viene in genere definita condensa di aria condizionata.

Calcoli di caduta di pressione del tubo: equazioni e linee guida essenziali

Explore the essentials of pipe pressure drop calculations, including key factors affecting pressure drop, commonly used equations, and practical tips for optimizing fluid transportation systems. Learn about software and tools that can assist in streamlining your calculations and enhance the efficiency of your projects. In this blog post, we discussed the importance of understanding pipe pressure drop calculations and their relevance across various industries. We introduced key factors affecting pressure drop, such as pipe diameter, length, flow rate, fluid properties, and pipe roughness. We also examined several equations for calculating pressure drop, including the Darcy-Weisbach, Hazen-Williams, and Colebrook-White equations, discussing their applicability and limitations.

Download di McQuay Doct Sizer

The McQuay Duct Sizer is a specialized software tool designed for HVAC professionals to assist in the accurate and efficient sizing of air ducts. This tool is essential for ensuring optimal performance and energy efficiency in HVAC systems. The McQuay Duct Sizer is available for free download.

Calcoli di dimensionamento del flusso d'aria dello spazio e della zona nei sistemi HVAC

Following our previous discussion on the systematic 9-step procedure for designing cooling and heating systems, it’s essential to understand the technical aspects of airflow sizing

Scarica HVAC-CX: lo strumento di commissioning HVAC di costruzione essenziale

Poiché gli edifici continuano ad evolversi verso una maggiore efficienza e strategie di controllo più sofisticate, strumenti come HVAC-Cx diventano sempre più preziosi. La capacità del software di rilevare sistematicamente guasti, dare priorità ai problemi e assistere nella messa in servizio attiva rappresenta un progresso significativo nella tecnologia delle operazioni di costruzione.

Realizzazione di calcolatrici per condotti d'aria

Air-duct calculators are very useful tools to use when sizing duct