الأساسيات والهندسة
بناء المضخة (الجزء الأول)
In 1689 the physicist Denis Papin invented the centrifugal pump and today this kind of pump is the most used around the world. The centrifugal pump is built on a simple principle: Liquid is led to the impeller hub and by means of the centrifugal force it is flung towards the periphery of the impellers. The construction is fairly inexpensive, robust and simple and its high speed makes it possible to connect the pump directly to an asynchronous motor.
اختيار صمامات التمدد
The expansion valve regulates the amount of compressed liquid refrigerant moving into the evaporator. It removes pressure from the liquid refrigerant to allow expansion or change of state from a liquid to a gas in the evaporator. In order to properly select Expansion Valves one should pay attention to the items that we mention in this post.
أنبوب الماء مقابل غلايات أنبوب النار
غلايات أنبوب المياه ومراجل أنبوب النار هي نوعان مختلفان من غلايات البخار التي تستخدم عادة في التطبيقات الصناعية والتجارية. يستخدم كلا النوعين من الغلايات نظامًا من الأنابيب لتوليد البخار ، لكنهما يختلفان في الطريقة التي يتم بها ترتيب الأنابيب والطريقة التي تمر بها الغازات الساخنة من الموقد عبر الأنابيب.
مطرقة الماء (الجزء الأول)
Under unfavorable circumstances, damage due to water hammer may occur in pipelines measuring more than one hundred meters and conveying only several tenths of a liter per second. But even very short, unsupported pipelines in pumping stations can be damaged by resonant vibrations if they are not properly anchored. By contrast, the phenomenon is not very common in building services systems, e.g. in heating and drinking water supply pipelines, which typically are short in length and have a small cross-section.
صيغ التبريد والحسابات
These formulas are commonly used in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning to calculate various performance parameters of a refrigeration system such as compression work, compression power, coefficient of performance, net refrigeration effect, capacity, compressor displacement, heat of compression, volumetric efficiency, and compression ratio. These formulas are based on the thermodynamics principles and are generally used to evaluate the performance of the refrigeration system and to optimize its design.
The coefficient of velocity (Cv)
Cv, or coefficient of velocity, is a measure of the flow capacity of a valve. It represents the number of gallons per minute (GPM) of water at 60°F that will flow through a valve with a one-inch opening at a pressure drop of one pound per square inch (PSI). Cv can be calculated using various formulas, such as the one based on water at 60F and one that takes into account the specific gravity of the fluid. Cv is a theoretical value and it may vary depending on the actual conditions of the valve. When selecting a valve for a specific application, it is important to consider the Cv in relation to the flow rate and pressure drop requirements of the system, as well as other factors such as ease of maintenance, cost, and safety.
دليل عزل الأنابيب
يعد عزل الأنابيب أمرًا بالغ الأهمية للحفاظ على كفاءة الطاقة ، والتحكم في درجة الحرارة ، والتحكم في التكثيف ، وتقليل الضوضاء ، والسلامة. يوفر ASHRAE توصيات سماكة محددة لأحجام الأنابيب المختلفة ونطاقات درجة الحرارة في 90.1 القياسية. عند اختيار عزل الأنابيب بناءً على معايير ASHRAE ، من المهم مراعاة درجة الحرارة وحجم الأنبوب والاعتبارات البيئية ومقاومة الحرائق وكفاءة الطاقة.
أنابيب التبريد - الجزء 2
In this post, we will be continuing our comprehensive training on how to size refrigerant piping. We will cover all the important aspects of this process, including determining the pipe size, pressure drop, and other factors. We will also discuss topics such as sizing refrigerant lines, equivalent length for refrigerant lines, and how to determine equivalent length. With this training, you will have the knowledge and confidence to size refrigerant piping accurately and correctly in any situation.
المعايير والامتثال
تصميم التهوية HVAC: تهوية الهواء العادم حسب المعدل و ACH
Complete guide to HVAC exhaust air ventilation design using ASHRAE, CIBSE, and Carrier standards covering rate calculations, ACH requirements, and specialized applications for effective contaminant removal and energy efficiency.
تصميم تهوية HVAC: تهوية الهواء الخارجي حسب المعدل وACH
Complete guide to HVAC outdoor air ventilation design using ASHRAE, CIBSE, and Carrier standards covering rate calculations, ACH requirements, and building-specific applications for optimal indoor air quality.
تصميم تهوية HVAC: جودة الهواء الداخلي وملوثات الهواء
Complete guide to HVAC indoor air quality and air contaminant management using ASHRAE, CIBSE standards covering contaminant identification, control strategies, and advanced treatment technologies for healthy indoor environments.
تصميم التهوية HVAC: مسافة الفصل الدنيا للهواء
Complete guide to HVAC air intake minimum separation distances using ASHRAE 62.1 standards covering contamination source requirements, measurement methods, and compliance strategies for optimal outdoor air quality protection.
تصميم التهوية HVAC: تصنيفات الهواء
Complete guide to HVAC air classifications using ASHRAE 62.1 and CIBSE standards covering air quality categories, contamination levels, filtration requirements, and ventilation strategies for optimal indoor environmental control.
تصميم التهوية HVAC: التخطيطي العام والمعادلات
Complete guide to HVAC ventilation design using ASHRAE 62.1 standards covering calculation procedures, system schematics, and modern ventilation strategies for optimal indoor air quality and energy efficiency.
تقدير حمل HVAC: عامل التقاط
Complete guide to fouling factors in HVAC load estimation using Carrier water conditioning standards for accurate heat transfer equipment sizing and comprehensive water quality management strategies.
تقدير تحميل HVAC: عامل التنوع
Complete guide to diversity factors in HVAC load estimation using CIBSE and Carrier standards for accurate system sizing that reflects realistic building operation patterns and prevents equipment oversizing.
تقدير تحميل HVAC: ظروف التصميم الداخلي ومتطلبات النظام عن طريق بناء نوع
Complete guide to indoor design conditions for HVAC load estimation covering temperature, humidity, air quality, and specialized requirements for residential, commercial, industrial, healthcare, and specialty building applications using ASHRAE, CIBSE, and Carrier standards.
تقدير حمل التدفئة والتهوية وتكييف الهواء: كسب وخسارة الحرارة الناتجة عن التسلل
Complete guide to infiltration in HVAC load estimation using ASHRAE, CIBSE, and Carrier standards for accurate assessment of uncontrolled air exchange and its impact on heating and cooling loads.
الأدوات والموارد الرقمية
كتب عيادة تكييف الهواء Trane
These clinics are comprehensive and detailed courses used to educate on the fundamentals heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC). Each clinic includes a student workbook, with corresponding quiz questions/problems.
Carrier Technical Development Programs (Tdp) Books
Technical Development Programs (TDP) are modules of technical training on HVAC theory, system design, equipment selection and application topics. They are targeted at engineers and designers who wish to develop their knowledge in this field to effectively design, specify, sell or apply HVAC equipment in commercial applications.
Rhvac – Residential Hvac Loads And Duct Sizes
Rhvac can calculate peak heating and cooling loads (both block and room by room) for residential buildings and some light commercial applications in accordance with ACCA Manual J, D, and S. Rhvac include a complete ACCA Manual D duct sizing capability and a complete Manual S equipment selection.
ألوان حاويات التبريد
هذا المبدأ التوجيهي مخصص لتوجيه الصناعة ، بما في ذلك الشركات المصنعة والمهندسين والمثبتات والمقاولين والمستخدمين.
بردف - أحمال مربع التبريد
Refrig quickly calculates the maximum refrigeration load in btu’s per 24 hour period for all types of refrigeration applications. Refrig has provision for all kinds of loads including: roofs, walls, partitions, floors, products, containers, infiltration, lights, equipment, people, defrost, compressor run-time, and more.
3E Plus Software
NAIMA’s FREE 3E Plus® software program makes it easy to calculate the appropriate insulation thickness necessary for any application. To ensure accuracy, the program has customizable inputs for every aspect of your job—and offers default values if your exact numbers aren’t available.
المبردات مخطط PH
The pressure-enthalpy diagram (log P/h diagram) is a very useful tool for refrigerant technicians, engineers and researchers. Since it’s not always possible to have all of these diagrams together, we decided to give you this complete pack.
العمر المتوقع لمعدات التدفئة والتهوية وتكييف الهواء (Hvacr).
Below you can see ASHRAE chart of HVAC Equipment Life Expectancy. The chart includes a list of median life expectancy for the following types of equipment: