Engineering & Knowledge

Fundamentals & Engineering

Hvac Load Calculations

The accurate calculation of heating and cooling loads is essential to provide a sound bridge between fundamental building design decisions and an operating building. If loads are substantially underestimated, occupants and users will likely be hot or cold. If loads are substantially overestimated, equipment will be oversize (usually wasting money, reducing efficiency, increasing energy consumption, and often imperiling comfort).

Solar Angles – Fundamentals of Solar Positioning

Two fundamental parameters determine how effectively your solar panels capture sunlight: orientation and tilt. These factors, when properly calculated, can significantly increase your system’s efficiency and return on investment.

Understanding Solar Radiation: Earth’s Powerful Energy Source

Solar energy is the result of electromagnetic radiation released from the sun by the thermonuclear reactions occurring inside its core. All of the energy resources on earth originate from the sun (directly or indirectly), except for nuclear, tidal, and geothermal energy.

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Standards & Compliance

HVAC Duct Design: Duct Fittings Friction Loss

Complete guide to HVAC duct fittings friction loss using Carrier standards covering loss coefficients, pressure drop calculations, and system optimization for efficient air distribution design.

HVAC Duct Design: Dampers, Attenuators, and Coils Friction Loss

Complete guide to HVAC dampers, attenuators, and coils friction loss using SMACNA standards covering pressure drop calculations, component selection, and system optimization for efficient air distribution design.

HVAC Duct Design: Duct Round to Rectangular Equivalent

Complete guide to HVAC round-to-rectangular duct equivalency using ASHRAE standards covering conversion formulas, performance considerations, and system optimization for space-constrained installations.

HVAC Duct Design: Duct Friction Loss

Complete guide to HVAC duct friction loss calculations using ASHRAE standards covering friction charts, pressure drop analysis, and system optimization for efficient air distribution design.

HVAC Duct Design: Duct Pressure Classification

Complete guide to HVAC duct pressure classification using SMACNA standards covering pressure class selection, construction requirements, and testing protocols for safe and efficient ductwork systems.

HVAC Duct Design – Sizing Contaminant-Extraction Ducts (Smoke | Grease | Gases | Dry & Moist Dust)

ASHRAE’s Pocket Guide lists minimum conveying velocities that keep contaminants airborne while they travel through exhaust ductwork. Table 2.9 (2013 edition, Ch. 02, pp. 60

HVAC Duct Design: Commercial Kitchen Duct Sizing

Complete guide to commercial kitchen duct sizing using ASHRAE and NFPA standards covering exhaust hood design, grease management, fire safety, and make-up air systems for food service operations.

HVAC Duct Design: Duct Sizing by Velocity & Noise Criteria (NC)

Complete guide to HVAC duct sizing using velocity and noise criteria with ASHRAE and CIBSE standards covering acoustic design, velocity limits, and noise control for sensitive applications.

HVAC Duct Design: Duct Sizing by Equal Friction Method

Complete guide to HVAC duct sizing using the equal friction method with SMACNA and ASHRAE standards covering calculation procedures, friction rate selection, and system optimization for effective air distribution design.

HVAC Duct Design: Duct Sizing SMACNA Recommendations

Complete guide to HVAC duct sizing using SMACNA recommendations covering equal friction, velocity, and static regain methods with design calculations and system optimization for effective air distribution.


Digital Tools & Resources

Trane Air Conditioning Clinic Books

These clinics are comprehensive and detailed courses used to educate on the fundamentals heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC). Each clinic includes a student workbook, with corresponding quiz questions/problems.

Carrier Technical Development Programs (Tdp) Books

Technical Development Programs (TDP) are modules of technical training on HVAC theory, system design, equipment selection and application topics. They are targeted at engineers and designers who wish to develop their knowledge in this field to effectively design, specify, sell or apply HVAC equipment in commercial applications.

Carrier System Design Manual

Download all 11 chapters of Carrier System Design Manual.

Rhvac – Residential Hvac Loads And Duct Sizes

Rhvac can calculate peak heating and cooling loads (both block and room by room) for residential buildings and some light commercial applications in accordance with ACCA Manual J, D, and S. Rhvac include a complete ACCA Manual D duct sizing capability and a complete Manual S equipment selection.

Refrigerant Container Colors

This guideline is intended for the guidance of the industry, including manufacturers, engineers, installers, contractors and users.

Refrig – Refrigeration Box Loads

Refrig quickly calculates the maximum refrigeration load in btu’s per 24 hour period for all types of refrigeration applications. Refrig has provision for all kinds of loads including: roofs, walls, partitions, floors, products, containers, infiltration, lights, equipment, people, defrost, compressor run-time, and more.

3E Plus Software

NAIMA’s FREE 3E Plus® software program makes it easy to calculate the appropriate insulation thickness necessary for any application. To ensure accuracy, the program has customizable inputs for every aspect of your job—and offers default values if your exact numbers aren’t available.

Refrigerants P-H Diagram

The pressure-enthalpy diagram (log P/h diagram) is a very useful tool for refrigerant technicians, engineers and researchers. Since it’s not always possible to have all of these diagrams together, we decided to give you this complete pack.

Hvacr Equipment Life Expectancy

Below you can see ASHRAE chart of HVAC Equipment Life Expectancy. The chart includes a list of median life expectancy for the following types of equipment:

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