الأساسيات والهندسة
بناء المضخة (الجزء الأول)
In 1689 the physicist Denis Papin invented the centrifugal pump and today this kind of pump is the most used around the world. The centrifugal pump is built on a simple principle: Liquid is led to the impeller hub and by means of the centrifugal force it is flung towards the periphery of the impellers. The construction is fairly inexpensive, robust and simple and its high speed makes it possible to connect the pump directly to an asynchronous motor.
اختيار صمامات التمدد
The expansion valve regulates the amount of compressed liquid refrigerant moving into the evaporator. It removes pressure from the liquid refrigerant to allow expansion or change of state from a liquid to a gas in the evaporator. In order to properly select Expansion Valves one should pay attention to the items that we mention in this post.
مطرقة الماء (الجزء الأول)
Under unfavorable circumstances, damage due to water hammer may occur in pipelines measuring more than one hundred meters and conveying only several tenths of a liter per second. But even very short, unsupported pipelines in pumping stations can be damaged by resonant vibrations if they are not properly anchored. By contrast, the phenomenon is not very common in building services systems, e.g. in heating and drinking water supply pipelines, which typically are short in length and have a small cross-section.
أنبوب الماء مقابل غلايات أنبوب النار
غلايات أنبوب المياه ومراجل أنبوب النار هي نوعان مختلفان من غلايات البخار التي تستخدم عادة في التطبيقات الصناعية والتجارية. يستخدم كلا النوعين من الغلايات نظامًا من الأنابيب لتوليد البخار ، لكنهما يختلفان في الطريقة التي يتم بها ترتيب الأنابيب والطريقة التي تمر بها الغازات الساخنة من الموقد عبر الأنابيب.
صيغ التبريد والحسابات
These formulas are commonly used in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning to calculate various performance parameters of a refrigeration system such as compression work, compression power, coefficient of performance, net refrigeration effect, capacity, compressor displacement, heat of compression, volumetric efficiency, and compression ratio. These formulas are based on the thermodynamics principles and are generally used to evaluate the performance of the refrigeration system and to optimize its design.
The coefficient of velocity (Cv)
Cv, or coefficient of velocity, is a measure of the flow capacity of a valve. It represents the number of gallons per minute (GPM) of water at 60°F that will flow through a valve with a one-inch opening at a pressure drop of one pound per square inch (PSI). Cv can be calculated using various formulas, such as the one based on water at 60F and one that takes into account the specific gravity of the fluid. Cv is a theoretical value and it may vary depending on the actual conditions of the valve. When selecting a valve for a specific application, it is important to consider the Cv in relation to the flow rate and pressure drop requirements of the system, as well as other factors such as ease of maintenance, cost, and safety.
دليل عزل الأنابيب
يعد عزل الأنابيب أمرًا بالغ الأهمية للحفاظ على كفاءة الطاقة ، والتحكم في درجة الحرارة ، والتحكم في التكثيف ، وتقليل الضوضاء ، والسلامة. يوفر ASHRAE توصيات سماكة محددة لأحجام الأنابيب المختلفة ونطاقات درجة الحرارة في 90.1 القياسية. عند اختيار عزل الأنابيب بناءً على معايير ASHRAE ، من المهم مراعاة درجة الحرارة وحجم الأنبوب والاعتبارات البيئية ومقاومة الحرائق وكفاءة الطاقة.
أنابيب التبريد - الجزء 2
In this post, we will be continuing our comprehensive training on how to size refrigerant piping. We will cover all the important aspects of this process, including determining the pipe size, pressure drop, and other factors. We will also discuss topics such as sizing refrigerant lines, equivalent length for refrigerant lines, and how to determine equivalent length. With this training, you will have the knowledge and confidence to size refrigerant piping accurately and correctly in any situation.
المعايير والامتثال
HVAC Load Estimation: Internal Heat Gain from Infrastructure Components (Pipes, Ducts, Tanks, AC Motors)
Complete guide to internal heat gain from HVAC infrastructure components including pipes, ducts, tanks, and motors using Carrier standards for accurate load estimation and system design.
تقدير حمل التدفئة والتهوية وتكييف الهواء: كسب الحرارة الداخلية من المعدات والأجهزة
Complete guide to internal heat gain from equipment and appliances in HVAC load estimation using ASHRAE, CIBSE, and Carrier standards for accurate system sizing and equipment integration.
تقدير حمل HVAC: زيادة الحرارة الداخلية من الإضاءة
Complete guide to internal heat gain from lighting systems in HVAC load estimation using ASHRAE, CIBSE, and Carrier standards for accurate system sizing and lighting-HVAC integration.
تقدير تحميل HVAC: القيم الزجاجية u وقيم معامل التظليل (SC)
Complete guide to glazing U-values and shading coefficients for HVAC load estimation using ASHRAE, CIBSE, and Carrier standards for accurate fenestration thermal and solar analysis.
تقدير أحمال التدفئة والتهوية وتكييف الهواء: قيم البناء للجدران والأسقف والفواصل
Complete guide to construction U-values for walls, roofs, and partitions in HVAC load estimation using ASHRAE, CIBSE, and Carrier standards for accurate thermal analysis.
عمليات القياس النفسي لأنظمة التدفئة والتهوية وتكييف الهواء: الرسوم البيانية والحسابات وتطبيقات معالجة الهواء
Complete guide to psychrometric processes in HVAC design covering sensible/latent cooling, heating, humidification, dehumidification, and evaporative cooling using ASHRAE and CIBSE standards.
HVAC Cooling and Heating Load Estimation: Outdoor Conditions and Climate Data
Comprehensive guide to outdoor climate data for HVAC load estimation using ASHRAE, CIBSE, and Carrier standards. Essential weather parameters for accurate system sizing and energy analysis.
استراتيجية اختيار وتصميم نظام التدفئة والتهوية وتكييف الهواء: المعايير والمبادئ التوجيهية المهنية
Comprehensive guide to HVAC system selection and design strategy using ASHRAE, SMACNA, and Carrier standards. Learn professional methodologies for optimal system selection and performance optimization.
معادلات تصميم التدفئة والتهوية وتكييف الهواء: حسابات الهواء والمروحة والمضخة والنظام الهيدروليكي
Comprehensive guide to essential HVAC design equations covering air, fan, pump, and hydronic system calculations. Reference standards from SMACNA, ASHRAE, and Carrier for professional engineering applications.
الأدوات والموارد الرقمية
كتب عيادة تكييف الهواء Trane
These clinics are comprehensive and detailed courses used to educate on the fundamentals heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC). Each clinic includes a student workbook, with corresponding quiz questions/problems.
Carrier Technical Development Programs (Tdp) Books
Technical Development Programs (TDP) are modules of technical training on HVAC theory, system design, equipment selection and application topics. They are targeted at engineers and designers who wish to develop their knowledge in this field to effectively design, specify, sell or apply HVAC equipment in commercial applications.
Rhvac – Residential Hvac Loads And Duct Sizes
Rhvac can calculate peak heating and cooling loads (both block and room by room) for residential buildings and some light commercial applications in accordance with ACCA Manual J, D, and S. Rhvac include a complete ACCA Manual D duct sizing capability and a complete Manual S equipment selection.
ألوان حاويات التبريد
هذا المبدأ التوجيهي مخصص لتوجيه الصناعة ، بما في ذلك الشركات المصنعة والمهندسين والمثبتات والمقاولين والمستخدمين.
بردف - أحمال مربع التبريد
Refrig quickly calculates the maximum refrigeration load in btu’s per 24 hour period for all types of refrigeration applications. Refrig has provision for all kinds of loads including: roofs, walls, partitions, floors, products, containers, infiltration, lights, equipment, people, defrost, compressor run-time, and more.
3E Plus Software
NAIMA’s FREE 3E Plus® software program makes it easy to calculate the appropriate insulation thickness necessary for any application. To ensure accuracy, the program has customizable inputs for every aspect of your job—and offers default values if your exact numbers aren’t available.
المبردات مخطط PH
The pressure-enthalpy diagram (log P/h diagram) is a very useful tool for refrigerant technicians, engineers and researchers. Since it’s not always possible to have all of these diagrams together, we decided to give you this complete pack.
العمر المتوقع لمعدات التدفئة والتهوية وتكييف الهواء (Hvacr).
Below you can see ASHRAE chart of HVAC Equipment Life Expectancy. The chart includes a list of median life expectancy for the following types of equipment: