Systems & Equipment

Equipment & Systems

Variable Air Volume (VAV)

The VAV system has a central air-processing unit to produce air at a specified temperature and relative humidity. The conditioned air from the main unit is conveyed in ductwork to ceiling diffusers which incorporate thermostatically controlled actuators. These can change the air volume to suit each room load. In a large room, several of these VAV ceiling units may be controlled by one room thermostat.

Steam Trap Explained Totally

There are many types of steam traps each having its unique characteristics and system benefits. Deciding which type of trap to use is sometimes confusing and, in many cases, more than one type can be used. The following is intended to point out system conditions that may be encountered and the characteristics of each type of trap. Steam Trap – Operation, Advantages, Disadvantages And Primary Applications

Hvac System Components

Refrigeration and HVAC Systems and Equipment components help system designers and operators to select and use equipment that is the best fit for a particular application or controlling scenario.

Pressure Independent Control Valves (PICV)

Pressure Independent Control Valves (PICV) can help reduce energy costs and increase occupant comfort in heating and cooling coil applications in buildings. A PICV is best described as two valves in one: a standard 2-way control valve and a balancing valve.

Humidifier

Depending on the state of the air on entering a spray washer, it can be humidified or dehumidified. Humidification in the presence of moisture is understandable, but dehumidification is less easy to comprehend. It occurs when the spray is at a lower temperature than the air and the dew point of the air.

Data Centers Cooling Systems

In a data center, the HVAC system energy consumption is dependent on three main factors: outdoor conditions (temperature and humidity), the use of economization strategies, and the primary type of cooling consider the following:

Chilled Beams And Ceilings

Chilled beams and chilled ceilings require a relatively modest cooling water temperature (14–17°C), which can be obtained using natural cold water storage or free cooling from outside air over periods of the year depending on climate.

Three-Way Control Valves

Three-way valves provide for variable flow through the coil while maintaining somewhat constant flow in the system. While three-way valves are most commonly used where constant fluid flow is desired, in reality they will not result in constant flow no matter which plug style is selected.

Two-Way Control Valves

The control valve is possibly the most important component of a fluid distribution system because it regulates the flow of fluid to the process under control. In HVAC systems, control valves are primarily used to control the flow of chilled water, hot water, and condenser water, the subject of this section.

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Controls & Automation

Direct-to-Chip Liquid Cooling: The Future of High-Density Data Center Thermal Management

Data center power densities have surged to 12-30 kW per rack, making liquid cooling essential. Learn how single-phase and two-phase direct-to-chip systems work, refrigerant selection criteria, and critical design considerations for hoses, tubing, and couplings in modern high-density data centers.

HVAC Control Diagrams

In this blog post, we will introduce some of the most common HVAC control diagrams. We will also provide a brief explanation of each diagram and how its components work together. HVAC control diagrams are essential tools for designing, installing, and maintaining HVAC systems. They provide a visual representation of the system’s components, how they are interconnected, and how they are controlled. This information can be used to troubleshoot problems, optimize performance, and make informed decisions about system upgrades.