Fundamentals & Engineering
Expansion Valves Selection
The expansion valve regulates the amount of compressed liquid refrigerant moving into the evaporator. It removes pressure from the liquid refrigerant to allow expansion or change of state from a liquid to a gas in the evaporator. In order to properly select Expansion Valves one should pay attention to the items that we mention in this post.
Water Tube Versus Fire Tube Boilers
Water tube boilers and fire tube boilers are two different types of steam boilers that are commonly used in industrial and commercial applications. Both types of boilers use a system of tubes to generate steam, but they differ in the way that the tubes are arranged and the way that the hot gases from the burner pass through the tubes.
Water Hammer (Part1)
Under unfavorable circumstances, damage due to water hammer may occur in pipelines measuring more than one hundred meters and conveying only several tenths of a liter per second. But even very short, unsupported pipelines in pumping stations can be damaged by resonant vibrations if they are not properly anchored. By contrast, the phenomenon is not very common in building services systems, e.g. in heating and drinking water supply pipelines, which typically are short in length and have a small cross-section.
Refrigeration Formulas and Calculations
These formulas are commonly used in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning to calculate various performance parameters of a refrigeration system such as compression work, compression power, coefficient of performance, net refrigeration effect, capacity, compressor displacement, heat of compression, volumetric efficiency, and compression ratio. These formulas are based on the thermodynamics principles and are generally used to evaluate the performance of the refrigeration system and to optimize its design.
The coefficient of velocity (Cv)
Cv, or coefficient of velocity, is a measure of the flow capacity of a valve. It represents the number of gallons per minute (GPM) of water at 60°F that will flow through a valve with a one-inch opening at a pressure drop of one pound per square inch (PSI). Cv can be calculated using various formulas, such as the one based on water at 60F and one that takes into account the specific gravity of the fluid. Cv is a theoretical value and it may vary depending on the actual conditions of the valve. When selecting a valve for a specific application, it is important to consider the Cv in relation to the flow rate and pressure drop requirements of the system, as well as other factors such as ease of maintenance, cost, and safety.
Pipe Insulation Guideline
Pipe insulation is crucial for maintaining energy efficiency, temperature control, condensation control, noise reduction, and safety. ASHRAE provides specific thickness recommendations for different pipe sizes and temperature ranges in its standard 90.1. When selecting pipe insulation based on ASHRAE standards, it’s important to consider the temperature, pipe size, environmental considerations, fire resistance, and energy efficiency.
Refrigerant Piping – part2
In this post, we will be continuing our comprehensive training on how to size refrigerant piping. We will cover all the important aspects of this process, including determining the pipe size, pressure drop, and other factors. We will also discuss topics such as sizing refrigerant lines, equivalent length for refrigerant lines, and how to determine equivalent length. With this training, you will have the knowledge and confidence to size refrigerant piping accurately and correctly in any situation.
Pipe Pressure Drop Calculations: Essential Equations and Guidelines
Explore the essentials of pipe pressure drop calculations, including key factors affecting pressure drop, commonly used equations, and practical tips for optimizing fluid transportation systems. Learn about software and tools that can assist in streamlining your calculations and enhance the efficiency of your projects. In this blog post, we discussed the importance of understanding pipe pressure drop calculations and their relevance across various industries. We introduced key factors affecting pressure drop, such as pipe diameter, length, flow rate, fluid properties, and pipe roughness. We also examined several equations for calculating pressure drop, including the Darcy-Weisbach, Hazen-Williams, and Colebrook-White equations, discussing their applicability and limitations.
Standards & Compliance
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Fittings Friction Loss
Complete guide to HVAC duct fittings friction loss using Carrier standards covering loss coefficients, pressure drop calculations, and system optimization for efficient air distribution design.
HVAC Duct Design: Dampers, Attenuators, and Coils Friction Loss
Complete guide to HVAC dampers, attenuators, and coils friction loss using SMACNA standards covering pressure drop calculations, component selection, and system optimization for efficient air distribution design.
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Round to Rectangular Equivalent
Complete guide to HVAC round-to-rectangular duct equivalency using ASHRAE standards covering conversion formulas, performance considerations, and system optimization for space-constrained installations.
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Friction Loss
Complete guide to HVAC duct friction loss calculations using ASHRAE standards covering friction charts, pressure drop analysis, and system optimization for efficient air distribution design.
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Pressure Classification
Complete guide to HVAC duct pressure classification using SMACNA standards covering pressure class selection, construction requirements, and testing protocols for safe and efficient ductwork systems.
HVAC Duct Design: Commercial Kitchen Duct Sizing
Complete guide to commercial kitchen duct sizing using ASHRAE and NFPA standards covering exhaust hood design, grease management, fire safety, and make-up air systems for food service operations.
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Sizing by Velocity & Noise Criteria (NC)
Complete guide to HVAC duct sizing using velocity and noise criteria with ASHRAE and CIBSE standards covering acoustic design, velocity limits, and noise control for sensitive applications.
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Sizing by Equal Friction Method
Complete guide to HVAC duct sizing using the equal friction method with SMACNA and ASHRAE standards covering calculation procedures, friction rate selection, and system optimization for effective air distribution design.
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Sizing SMACNA Recommendations
Complete guide to HVAC duct sizing using SMACNA recommendations covering equal friction, velocity, and static regain methods with design calculations and system optimization for effective air distribution.
Digital Tools & Resources
Rates Of Thermal Expansion For Common Pipe Materials
Effortlessly calculate rates of thermal expansion for common pipe materials with our interactive calculator. Get accurate data, design insights, and actionable tables for metals and plastics—essential for HVAC engineers, designers, and consultants focused on system reliability and energy efficiency.
HVAC Equipment Life Expectancy Calculator
We’ve created a professional HVAC equipment life expectancy calculator. The application provides comprehensive calculations for determining the remaining useful life of various HVAC equipment types.
BIM Software Solutions for Modern HVAC Applications
As the HVAC industry continues to evolve in 2025, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has become an indispensable tool for professionals seeking to optimize design, installation, and maintenance processes. For HVAC engineers, contractors, and technicians, selecting the right BIM software can significantly impact project efficiency and outcomes. Let’s explore the most effective BIM solutions for HVAC applications.
Mcquay Softwares Download
McQuay (As part of Daikin Industries) is one of the largest air conditioning, heating, ventilating and refrigeration companies in the HVAC/R industry. Therefore, we decided to make some softwares that this company has introduced to the industry based on their experience and knowledge available for download.
Bell & Gossett Selection Softwares
#Xylem Bell & Gosset #Selection, #Sizing & #CAD Tools and #Softwares
Daikin Revit Files
DAIKIN APPLIED RESOURCE LIBRARY – REVIT FILES Rooftop Systems Air Handlers – Outdoor Air Cooled Chillers Water Cooled Chillers Fan Coils Self-Contained Water Source Heat Pump Unit Ventilators
Cooltools Software Download
– Cycle analysis (process design) – comparison of one stage direct expansion cycle and one stage flooded cycle. – System sizing – calculation of component sizes from general criteria. – System simulation – calculating operating conditions in a system with known components. Component calculations – calculation of – components efficiencies and outlet conditions. – Evaluation of operation – evaluation of system efficiency. – Process investigation – e.g. moist air calculations.